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Test Bank for Essentials of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy 5th Edition by Ellen Hillegass isbn-9780323751520 All Chapters Covered Graded A+

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Test Bank for Essentials of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy 5th Edition by Ellen Hillegass isbn-9780323751520 All Chapters Covered Graded A+

Institution
Essentials Of Cardiopulmonary
Course
Essentials of Cardiopulmonary











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Institution
Essentials of Cardiopulmonary
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Essentials of Cardiopulmonary

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October 13, 2025
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Written in
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Copyright ©2011, 2001, 1994 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

, Hillegass: Essentials of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy, 3rd Edition
y y y y y y y




Chapter 1: Anatomy of the Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems
y y y y y y y y




yTest Bank y




MULTIPLE CHOICE y




1. Which of the following chest wall structures is located level with the second costal cartilage
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y


yanteriorly and thoracic vertebra T4 and T5 posteriorly?
y y y y y y y


A. Sternal angle y


B. Jugular notch y


C. Xiphoid process y


D. Third costal cartilage y y




ANS: A y y


The sternal angle of the “angle of Louis” is level with the second costal cartilage anteriorly and
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y


thoracic vertebrae T4 and T5 posteriorly.
y y y y y y




PTS: 1

2. Pectus excuvatum is BEST described as:
y y y y y


A. Deformity of the sternum caused by trauma y y y y y y


B. Caved-in appearance of the chest y y y y


C. Diminished rib angle anteriorly y y y


D. Conical shape of the thoracic cage y y y y y




ANS: B y y


Pectus excuvatum is a common congenital deformity of the anterior wall of the chest, in which
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y


several ribs and the sternum grow abnormally; it produces a caved-in or sunken appearance of
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y


the chest.
y y




PTS: 1

3. The true ribs are BEST defined by which of the following statements?
y y y y y y y y y y y


A. Vertebrochondral ribs y


B. Vertebrosternal ribs y


C. Ribs 11 and 12 y y y


D. Ribs 8, 9, and 10 y y y y




ANS: B y y


The first seven ribs attach via their costal cartilages to the sternum and are called the true ribs
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y


(also known as the vertebrosternal ribs).
y y y y y y




PTS: 1




Copyright ©2011, 2001, 1994 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

, Test Bank 1-2



4. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate for a patient with lower rib fractures?
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y


A. Short, shallow breaths y y


B. Pursed lip breathing y y


C. Deep breaths with splinting y y y


D. Breathing with arms raised y y y




ANS: C y y


It is important for all therapists to recommend breathing (deep breathing), splinting (i.e., pillow),
y y y y y y y y y y y y y


yand coughing strategies for patients with rib fractures.
y y y y y y y




PTS: 1

5. Which of the following positions facilitates greater excursion of both hemidiaphragms at rest?
y y y y y y y y y y y y


A. Supine position y


B. Sidelying position y


C. Standing position y


D. Sitting position y




ANS: A y y


In the supine position, without the effects of gravity, the level of the diaphragm in the thoracic
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y


ycavity rises. This allows for a relatively greater excursion.
y y y y y y y y




PTS: 1

6. Which of the following muscles help to achieve the active process of inspiration at rest?
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y


A. Sternocleidomastoid
B. Diaphragm
C. Abdominal muscles y


D. Trapezius
ANS: B y y


The diaphragm and internal intercostals (intercartilaginous portion) are the essential muscles to
y y y y y y y y y y y


achieve the active process of inspiration at rest. Abdominal muscles assist with expiration. The
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y


sternocleidomastoid and trapezius are accessory muscles and assist with a more forceful
y y y y y y y y y y y y


inspiration.
y




PTS: 1

7. Which of the following accessory muscles of ventilation function to elevate and fix the first and
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y


ysecond ribs? y


A. Sternocleidomastoid muscle y


B. Serratus anterior y


C. Latissimus dorsi y


D. Scalene muscle y




yANS: D y




Copyright ©2011, 2001, 1994 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

, Test Bank 1-3

The scalene muscles lie deep to the sternocleidomastoid, but may be palpated in the posterior
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y


triangle of the neck. These muscles function as a unit to elevate and fix the first and second ribs.
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y


The sternocleidomastoid muscle elevates the sternum.
y y y y y y




PTS: 1

8. When the arms and shoulders are fixed, by leaning on the elbows or grasping onto a table, this
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y


muscle can use its insertion as its origin and facilitate an increase in the A-P diameter of the
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y


thorax.
y


A. Upper trapezius y


B. Pectoralis major y


C. Sternocleidomastoid
D. Serratus anterior y




ANS: B y y


When the insertion and origin of the pectoralis muscle are reversed by leaning on a table to fix
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y


the arms, the muscle will pull on the anterior chest wall, lifting the ribs and sternum to increase
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y


the A-P diameter of the thoracic cage.
y y y y y y y




PTS: 1
9. The serous fluid within the pleural space serves to provide which of the following functions?
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y


A. Create a constant negative pressure
y y y y


B. Assist with venous return of blood to the heart
y y y y y y y y


C. Reduce friction between the lungs and thoracic wall
y y y y y y y


D. Serve to allow separation of the pleural layers
y y y y y y y




ANS: C y y


The serous fluid within the pleural space serves to hold the pleural layers together during
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y


ventilation and reduce friction between the lungs and the thoracic wall. The space creates the
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y


negative pressure to maintain lung inflation, not the fluid itself.
y y y y y y y y y y




PTS: 1
10. Irritation of the phrenic supplied pleura results in which of the following pain referral patterns?
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y


A. Thoracic wall y


B. Abdominal wall y


C. Mediasternal region y


D. Lower neck and shoulder y y y




ANS: D y y


Irritation of the phrenic supplied pleura can result in referred pain in the lower neck and
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y


yshoulder, whereas, irritation of the intercostally innervated pleura may result in referral of pain to
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y


ythe thoracic or abdominal wall.
y y y y




PTS: 1

11. An abnormal pleural friction rub on auscultation BEST indicates which of the following?
y y y y y y y y y y y y


A. Infection with a resultant inflammatory response within the pleura
y y y y y y y y




Copyright ©2011, 2001, 1994 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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