Test Bank
1
,Contents:
VOLUME ONE
Part I: Foundations of Sonography
1. Foundations of Clinical Sonography
2. Essentials of Patient Care for the Sonographer
3. Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Issues in Sonography
4. Introduction to Anatomical Relationships in the Abdominal-Pelvic Cavity
5. Comparative Sectional Anatomy of the Abdominal-Pelvic Cavity
6. Basic Ultrasound: Scanning Techniques, Terminology & Tips
7. Artifacts in General Ultrasound Images
PART II: Abdomen
8. Vascular System
9. Liver
10. Gallbladder and the Biliary System
11. Spleen
12. Pancreas
13. Gastrointestinal Tract
14. Peritoneal Cavity and Abdominal Wall
15. Urinary System
16. Retroperitoneum
17. Ultrasound Contrast Agents in the Abdomen
18. Ultrasound-Guided Interventional Techniques
19. Emergent Ultrasound Procedures
20. Sonographic Techniques in the Transplant Patient
PART III: Superficial Structures
21. The Breast
22. The Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
23. The Scrotum
24. The Musculoskeletal System
PART IV: Pediatrics
25. Neonatal & Pediatric Abdomen
26. Neonatal and Pediatric Adrenal & Urinary System
27. Neonatal & Infant Head
28. Infant & Pediatric Hip
29. Neonatal & Infant Spine
VOLUME TWO
PART V: The Thoracic Cavity
30. Anatomic and Physiologic Relationships within the Thoracic Cavity
31. Hemodynamics for the Sonographer
32. Introduction to Echocardiographic Techniques, Terminology & Tips
33. Clinical Applications of Echocardiography:
34. Clinical Applications of Echocardiography
35. Fetal Echocardiography: Beyond the Four Chambers
36. Fetal Echocardiography: Congenital Heart Disease
Part VI: Cerebrovascular
37. Extracranial Cerebrovascular Evaluation
38. Intracranial Cerebrovascular Evaluation
39. Peripheral Arterial Evaluation
40. Peripheral Venous Evaluation
PART VII: Gynecology
41. Normal Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Pelvis
42. Sonographic Evaluation of the Female Pelvis
43. Pathology of the Uterus
44. Pathology of the Ovaries
45. Pathology of the Adnexa
46. The Role of Sonography in Female Infertility
PART VIII: Obstetrics
47. The Role of Sonography in Obstetrics
48. Clinical Ethics for Obstetric Sonography
49. The Normal First Trimester
50. First-Trimester Complications
51. Sonography of the Second and Third Trimesters
52. Obstetric Measurements and Gestational Age
53. Fetal Growth Assessment by Sonography
54. Sonography and High-Risk Pregnancy
55. Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Abnormalities
56. The Placenta
57. The Umbilical Cord
58. Amniotic Fluid, Fetal Membranes, and Fetal Hydrops
59. The Fetal Face and Neck
60. The Fetal Neural Axis
61. The Fetal Thorax
62. The Fetal Anterior Abdominal Wall
63. The Fetal Abdomen
64. The Fetal Urogenital System
65. The Fetal Skeleton
,Chapter 01: Foundations of Clinical Sonography
Hagen-Ansert: Textbook of Diagnostic Sonography, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Historically, the development of ultrasound began shortly after:
a. radio communication in World War I.
b. sonar in World War II.
c. nuclear testing in World War II.
d. the launching of Sputnik.
ANS: B
World War II brought sonar equipment to the forefront for defense purposes. Ultrasound was
influenced by the success of sonar equipment.
PTS: 1
OBJ: Detail a timeline for pioneers in the advancement of medical diagnostic ultrasound.
TOP: Historical overview of sound theory and medical ultrasound
2. The early applications of obstetric ultrasound were initiated by:
a. Joseph Holmes and Douglas Howry.
b. Ian Donald and Tom Brown.
c. Hellmuth Hertz and Inge Edler.
d. William Fry and Russell Meyers.
ANS: B
The early obstetric compound scanner was built by Tom Brown and Dr. Ian Donald in
Scotland in 1957.
PTS: 1
OBJ: Detail a timeline for pioneers in the advancement of medical diagnostic ultrasound.
TOP: Historical overview of sound theory and medical ultrasound
3. Visualization of the cardiac structures in the heart was discovered by:
a. Joseph Holmes.
b. Ian Donald.
c. Hertz and Edler.
d. George Ludwig.
ANS: C
In 1954, echocardiographic techniques were developed in Sweden by Drs. C.H. Hertz and I.
Edler.
PTS: 1
OBJ: Detail a timeline for pioneers in the advancement of medical diagnostic ultrasound.
TOP: Historical overview of sound theory and medical ultrasound
4. Which one of the following statements about the role of sonographers is false?
a. Sonographers perform ultrasound studies and gather diagnostic data independent
of the physician.
b. Sonographers must possess intellectual curiosity and perseverance.
2
, c. Sonographers must have a technical aptitude.
d. Sonographers must be able to communicate on different levels.
ANS: A
A sonographer performs ultrasound studies gathering diagnostic data under both the direct and
the indirect supervision of a physician. They also must assess clinical history and symptoms,
interpret laboratory values, and understand other diagnostic examinations.
PTS: 1 OBJ: Describe the role of the sonographer.
TOP: Role of the sonographer
5. In soft tissues, the assumed propagation velocity is (in meters per second):
a. 1320.
b. 1450.
c. 1540.
d. 1650.
ANS: C
In soft tissues, the assumed propagation velocity (speed) is 1540 meters per second.
PTS: 1
OBJ: Demonstrate an understanding of the basic principles and terminology of ultrasound.
TOP: Introduction to basic ultrasound principles – Acoustics
6. Diagnostic ultrasound uses the frequencies of:
a. 10 to 15 kHz.
b. 1 to 20 kHz.
c. 100 to 1000 Hz.
d. 1 to 20 MHz.
ANS: D
Diagnostic application of ultrasound uses frequencies of 1 to 20 million cycles per second (1
to 20 MHz).
PTS: 1
OBJ: Demonstrate an understanding of the basic principles and terminology of ultrasound.
TOP: Introduction to basic ultrasound principles – Acoustics
7. The device that converts energy from one form to another is called the:
a. digitizer.
b. transducer.
c. scan converter.
d. beam former.
ANS: B
Piezoelectric elements (transducers) convert electric energy into ultrasound energy and vice
versa.
PTS: 1
OBJ: Demonstrate an understanding of the basic principles and terminology of ultrasound.
TOP: Transducer Selection in a Clinical Imaging Practice
8. The angle of reflection is equal to the:
3
1
,Contents:
VOLUME ONE
Part I: Foundations of Sonography
1. Foundations of Clinical Sonography
2. Essentials of Patient Care for the Sonographer
3. Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Issues in Sonography
4. Introduction to Anatomical Relationships in the Abdominal-Pelvic Cavity
5. Comparative Sectional Anatomy of the Abdominal-Pelvic Cavity
6. Basic Ultrasound: Scanning Techniques, Terminology & Tips
7. Artifacts in General Ultrasound Images
PART II: Abdomen
8. Vascular System
9. Liver
10. Gallbladder and the Biliary System
11. Spleen
12. Pancreas
13. Gastrointestinal Tract
14. Peritoneal Cavity and Abdominal Wall
15. Urinary System
16. Retroperitoneum
17. Ultrasound Contrast Agents in the Abdomen
18. Ultrasound-Guided Interventional Techniques
19. Emergent Ultrasound Procedures
20. Sonographic Techniques in the Transplant Patient
PART III: Superficial Structures
21. The Breast
22. The Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
23. The Scrotum
24. The Musculoskeletal System
PART IV: Pediatrics
25. Neonatal & Pediatric Abdomen
26. Neonatal and Pediatric Adrenal & Urinary System
27. Neonatal & Infant Head
28. Infant & Pediatric Hip
29. Neonatal & Infant Spine
VOLUME TWO
PART V: The Thoracic Cavity
30. Anatomic and Physiologic Relationships within the Thoracic Cavity
31. Hemodynamics for the Sonographer
32. Introduction to Echocardiographic Techniques, Terminology & Tips
33. Clinical Applications of Echocardiography:
34. Clinical Applications of Echocardiography
35. Fetal Echocardiography: Beyond the Four Chambers
36. Fetal Echocardiography: Congenital Heart Disease
Part VI: Cerebrovascular
37. Extracranial Cerebrovascular Evaluation
38. Intracranial Cerebrovascular Evaluation
39. Peripheral Arterial Evaluation
40. Peripheral Venous Evaluation
PART VII: Gynecology
41. Normal Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Pelvis
42. Sonographic Evaluation of the Female Pelvis
43. Pathology of the Uterus
44. Pathology of the Ovaries
45. Pathology of the Adnexa
46. The Role of Sonography in Female Infertility
PART VIII: Obstetrics
47. The Role of Sonography in Obstetrics
48. Clinical Ethics for Obstetric Sonography
49. The Normal First Trimester
50. First-Trimester Complications
51. Sonography of the Second and Third Trimesters
52. Obstetric Measurements and Gestational Age
53. Fetal Growth Assessment by Sonography
54. Sonography and High-Risk Pregnancy
55. Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Abnormalities
56. The Placenta
57. The Umbilical Cord
58. Amniotic Fluid, Fetal Membranes, and Fetal Hydrops
59. The Fetal Face and Neck
60. The Fetal Neural Axis
61. The Fetal Thorax
62. The Fetal Anterior Abdominal Wall
63. The Fetal Abdomen
64. The Fetal Urogenital System
65. The Fetal Skeleton
,Chapter 01: Foundations of Clinical Sonography
Hagen-Ansert: Textbook of Diagnostic Sonography, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Historically, the development of ultrasound began shortly after:
a. radio communication in World War I.
b. sonar in World War II.
c. nuclear testing in World War II.
d. the launching of Sputnik.
ANS: B
World War II brought sonar equipment to the forefront for defense purposes. Ultrasound was
influenced by the success of sonar equipment.
PTS: 1
OBJ: Detail a timeline for pioneers in the advancement of medical diagnostic ultrasound.
TOP: Historical overview of sound theory and medical ultrasound
2. The early applications of obstetric ultrasound were initiated by:
a. Joseph Holmes and Douglas Howry.
b. Ian Donald and Tom Brown.
c. Hellmuth Hertz and Inge Edler.
d. William Fry and Russell Meyers.
ANS: B
The early obstetric compound scanner was built by Tom Brown and Dr. Ian Donald in
Scotland in 1957.
PTS: 1
OBJ: Detail a timeline for pioneers in the advancement of medical diagnostic ultrasound.
TOP: Historical overview of sound theory and medical ultrasound
3. Visualization of the cardiac structures in the heart was discovered by:
a. Joseph Holmes.
b. Ian Donald.
c. Hertz and Edler.
d. George Ludwig.
ANS: C
In 1954, echocardiographic techniques were developed in Sweden by Drs. C.H. Hertz and I.
Edler.
PTS: 1
OBJ: Detail a timeline for pioneers in the advancement of medical diagnostic ultrasound.
TOP: Historical overview of sound theory and medical ultrasound
4. Which one of the following statements about the role of sonographers is false?
a. Sonographers perform ultrasound studies and gather diagnostic data independent
of the physician.
b. Sonographers must possess intellectual curiosity and perseverance.
2
, c. Sonographers must have a technical aptitude.
d. Sonographers must be able to communicate on different levels.
ANS: A
A sonographer performs ultrasound studies gathering diagnostic data under both the direct and
the indirect supervision of a physician. They also must assess clinical history and symptoms,
interpret laboratory values, and understand other diagnostic examinations.
PTS: 1 OBJ: Describe the role of the sonographer.
TOP: Role of the sonographer
5. In soft tissues, the assumed propagation velocity is (in meters per second):
a. 1320.
b. 1450.
c. 1540.
d. 1650.
ANS: C
In soft tissues, the assumed propagation velocity (speed) is 1540 meters per second.
PTS: 1
OBJ: Demonstrate an understanding of the basic principles and terminology of ultrasound.
TOP: Introduction to basic ultrasound principles – Acoustics
6. Diagnostic ultrasound uses the frequencies of:
a. 10 to 15 kHz.
b. 1 to 20 kHz.
c. 100 to 1000 Hz.
d. 1 to 20 MHz.
ANS: D
Diagnostic application of ultrasound uses frequencies of 1 to 20 million cycles per second (1
to 20 MHz).
PTS: 1
OBJ: Demonstrate an understanding of the basic principles and terminology of ultrasound.
TOP: Introduction to basic ultrasound principles – Acoustics
7. The device that converts energy from one form to another is called the:
a. digitizer.
b. transducer.
c. scan converter.
d. beam former.
ANS: B
Piezoelectric elements (transducers) convert electric energy into ultrasound energy and vice
versa.
PTS: 1
OBJ: Demonstrate an understanding of the basic principles and terminology of ultrasound.
TOP: Transducer Selection in a Clinical Imaging Practice
8. The angle of reflection is equal to the:
3
