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How is experimental neuropsychology different from clinical neuropsychology? -
ANSWER Experimental neuropsychology involves testing HEALTHY, intact
brains throughout the lifespan, whereas clinical neuropsychology involves testing
LESIONED brains to relate behavior changes to lesion sites
What is the role of neuropsychologists? - ANSWER Provide interdisciplinary
teams valuable information across a variety of settings, including extent of
cognitive impairments, reasonable treatment goals, recovery tracking, and brain
injury education
What are the components of a neuropsychological assessment? - ANSWER
Referral and record review, clinical interview, standardized testing, report and
feedback
How does the ACRM define cognitive rehabilitation? - ANSWER systematic,
functionally oriented service of therapeutic cognitive activities, based on an
assessment and understanding of the person's brain-behavior deficits; services are
,directed to achieve functional change by 1) reinforcing, strengthening, or re-
establishing previously learned patterns of behavior, or 2) establishing new
patterns of cognitive activity or compensatory mechanisms for impaired
neurological systems
Neuropsychology definition - ANSWER branch of neuroscience concerned with
understanding how the brain produces behavior
Brain Hypothesis - ANSWER the belief that the control of all human functions
and the overall conscious experience lies within the brain
Participation - ANSWER term used to described engagement in social roles -- a
critical component of the WHO-ICF biopsychosocial model
What are some examples of assessments of substance misuse? - ANSWER
AUDIT, CAGE, CRAFFT, ASSIST
Describe Quadrant I of the four-quadrant model used to describe substance misuse
intervention with persons who have TBI. - ANSWER low TBI severity, low SUD
severity; primary care and emergency settings; substance misuse addressed using
screening and brief intervention methods
Neutral monism - ANSWER the view that the mind and the body are the same
entity
Early signs of the brain hypothesis - ANSWER dates as far back as the Mesolithic
period, with evidence of trepanning or trephination of living patients (similar to
creating Burr holes to relieve intracranial pressure)
,To whom do many attribute the birth of contemporary neuropsychology? -
ANSWER Franz Joseph Gall (he and his colleague were responsible for
developing the field of phrenology)
Gall and Spurzheim's crucial concepts that catalyzed the growth of
neuropsychology - ANSWER the cortex performs specific brain operations, the
cortex interacts with other regions of the CNS to produce behaviors, and the corpus
callosum allows communication between the 2 hemispheres of the brain
Localization of brain functions - ANSWER the concept referring to the presence
of various brain organs that serve as the local centers for various aspects of mental
functions
Lesion studies - ANSWER How scientists were able to explore basic brain
functions in animals; helped make significant progress in uncovering the
neurophysiological basis for various behaviors
What is the functional systems model? - ANSWER a contemporary view of
neuropsychology that holds that behaviors consist of a number of simple mental
operations, each of each is localized in a specific area of the brain (e.g., disruption
to any component of the functional system can lead to a breakdown of an entire
behavioral function -- direct damage to a brain area can impair a specific mental
operation, whereas DAI could disrupt connects between the otherwise intact brain
areas)
What is a guardian of the estate? - ANSWER someone who manages only the
financial affairs and property of the ward
, cerebellum - ANSWER in the lower back section of the brain
coordinates, modulates and stores all body movement
cerebral cortex - ANSWER four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital
right and left hemispheres
clonic - ANSWER alternating contraction and relaxation of muscles
contractures - ANSWER frozen non-functional position
abnormal, usually permanent
spacticity - ANSWER muscle resists stretching, increased muscle tone
corpus callosum - ANSWER exchanges info between hemispheres
diencephalon - ANSWER above midbrain - thalamus, hypothalamus
forwards info, sensations and movement
diffuse axonal injuries - ANSWER nerve cells stretching and breaking
duration - ANSWER length of time that a behavior occurs