TEST BANK
Living in the Environment
G. Tyler Miller, and Scott E. Spoolman
20th Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 The Environment and Sustainability 1
Chapter 02 Science Matter Energy and Systems 23
Chapter 03 Ecosystems What Are They and How Do They Work 45
Chapter 04 Biodiversity and Evolution 70
Chapter 05 Species Interactions Ecological Succession and Population Control 92
Chapter 06 The Human Population 115
Chapter 07 Climate and Terrestrial Biodiversity 138
Chapter 08 Aquatic Biodiversity 161
Chapter 09 Sustaining Biodiversity Saving Species and Ecosystem Services 185
Chapter 10 Sustaining Biodiversity Saving Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services 208
Chapter 11 Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services 231
Chapter 12 Food Production and the Environment 254
Chapter 13 Water Resources 276
Chapter 14 Geology and Mineral Resources 298
Chapter 15 Nonrenewable Energy 319
Chapter 16 Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 341
Chapter 17 Environmental Hazards and Human Health 364
Chapter 18 Air Pollution and Ozone Depletion 387
Chapter 19 Climate Change 410
Chapter 20 Water Pollution 433
Chapter 21 Solid and Hazardous Waste 456
Chapter 22 Urbanization and Sustainability 479
Chapter 23 Economics Environment and Sustainability 502
Chapter 24 Politics Environment and Sustainability 526
Chapter 25 Environmental Worldviews Ethics and Sustainability 551
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Test Bank - Living in the Environment, 20th Edition (Miller, 2021)
Chapter 01 - The Environment and Sustainability
Multiple Choice
1. To develop a sustainable system, it is important to consider ____.
a. how to construct it to last for a long time in a stable environment
b. how to reduce human interactions with the system so that it can be kept relatively stable
c. whether the system produces the maximum short-term economic benefit
d. the short-term use of the system, rather than longer-term use
e. how to make the system resistant and adaptable so that it can persist as environmental conditions change
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: Core Case Study: Learning from the Earth
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.CC1.1 - Define sustainability.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply
2. To work in environmental science, it is most critical to understand and use principles of ____, even though
knowledge of other fields is useful.
a. economics
b. political science
c. sociology
d. ecology
e. psychology
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.1C - Explain how our lives and economies depend on the sun and on
natural capital.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply
3. Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem?
a. The system of plants, animals, fungi, and other organisms in a lake interacting with each other and with the
water, soil, and other nonliving components of their environment.
b. All of the plants found in a particular type of forest that is found in a particular region.
c. All the system of interactions between all of the animals found in a particular tropical forest.
d. All of the plants and animals that live in a particular region, regardless of whether they interact with each other
within that environment.
e. All of the living organisms on earth and the wide range of environments that support these diverse species.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.1C - Explain how our lives and economies depend on the sun and on
natural capital.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply
4. Using normally renewable resources faster than nature can restore them is called ____.
a. nutrient cycling
b. nutrient deficit
c. sustainability
d. trade-offs
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e. degrading natural capital
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: 1.2 Human Impacts on the Earth
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.2A - Explain the tragedy of the commons in terms of open-access and
shared resources.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
5. Solar energy is known as a(n) ____.
a. renewable resource
b. recyclable resource
c. inexhaustible resource
d. reusable resource
e. nonrenewable resource
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.1C - Explain how our lives and economies depend on the sun and on
natural capital.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
6. What is one of the three principles of sustainability provided by economics, politics, and ethics?
a. A dependence on solar energy
b. A focus on chemical cycling
c. The degradation of natural capital
d. A responsibility to future generations
e. The ability to retain biodiversity
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.1E - Identify six principles of sustainability.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
7. To protect an essential example of natural nutrient cycling, it is important to conserve ____.
a. economic growth
b. delivery of new nutrients to earth
c. recycling programs
d. plastics
e. topsoil
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.1A - Outline the three scientific principles of sustainability.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply
8. To effectively distinguish environmental science from environmentalism, it is most important to consider
whether ____.
a. the focus is on conducting science or advocacy
b. the discussion includes scientific data
c. some of the participants are trained scientists
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d. the participants are concerned about the health of the environment
e. the participants are familiar with strategies to improve the health of the environment
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.1C - Explain how our lives and economies depend on the sun and on
natural capital.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply
9. Political scientists often look for ____ based on cooperation and compromise that will benefit the largest
number of people as well as the environment.
a. natural capital
b. inexhaustible resources
c. biodiversity
d. win–win solutions
e. chemical cycling
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.1E - Identify six principles of sustainability.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
10. More-developed countries ____.
a. have a lower than average income
b. use mostly renewable resources
c. rely entirely on nonrenewable resources
d. comprise 17% of the world’s population
e. provide fewer recycling services
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.1C - Explain how our lives and economies depend on the sun and on
natural capital.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
11. The primary difference between renewable resources and nonrenewable resources is ____.
a. how easily each can be discovered
b. the available amount of each resource
c. the length of time it takes for each to be replenished
d. how fast each is being consumed
e. how quickly each can produce electricity
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.1D - List five key components of sustainability.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
12. What term describes a rate at which a renewable resource can be used indefinitely without reducing its
available supply?
a. Conservation
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b. Sustainable yield
c. Preservation
d. Perpetual resource
e. Degradation
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.1D - List five key components of sustainability.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
13. Which substance would be considered a renewable resource?
a. Copper
b. Oil
c. Clean air
d. Salt
e. Sand
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.1D - List five key components of sustainability.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
14. Which substance would be considered a nonrenewable resource?
a. Groundwater
b. Trees in a forest
c. Fertile soil
d. Oil
e. Crops
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.1D - List five key components of sustainability.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
15. All nonrenewable resources can theoretically be ____.
a. converted to nonmetallic minerals
b. converted to renewable ones
c. exhausted or depleted
d. recycled or reused
e. converted to inexhaustible resources
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.1D - List five key components of sustainability.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
16. To be sustainable, the total ecological footprint of an area’s population must be smaller than the ____.
a. per capita ecological footprint
b. environmental degradation
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c. biocapacity
d. natural capital
e. population growth
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 1.2 Human Impacts on the Earth
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.2C - Explain how a country’s ecological deficit is related to its biocapacity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
17. What types of resources could be managed well by developing approaches to their use based on calculating
sustainable yields?
a. Nonrenewable resources
b. Renewable resources
c. Shared resources
d. Amenable resources
e. Recycling
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.2C - Explain how a country’s ecological deficit is related to its biocapacity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply
18. Which revolution occurred first?
a. Industrial–medical revolution
b. Agricultural revolution
c. Sustainability revolution
d. Information–globalization revolution
e. Ecological revolution
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 1.2 Human Impacts on the Earth
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.2D - List the three major cultural changes that have influenced the human
ecological footprint.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
19. To reduce natural capital degradation, which activity should you address?
a. Use of wind power
b. Saving endangered species
c. Cleaning up pollution
d. Aquifer depletion
e. Water runoff
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 1.2 Human Impacts on the Earth
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.2C - Explain how a country’s ecological deficit is related to its biocapacity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply
20. Each of the three major cultural revolutions has allowed ____.
a. ecological restoration
b. expansion of the human population
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c. greater worldwide sustainability
d. pollution prevention
e. decreased consumption
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 1.2 Human Impacts on the Earth
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.2D - List the three major cultural changes that have influenced the human
ecological footprint.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
21. Which term refers to an average ecological footprint of an individual in a given country or area?
a. Per capita gross GNP
b. National ecological footprint
c. Per capita GDP
d. Sustainable yield
e. Per capita ecological footprint
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: 1.2 Human Impacts on the Earth
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.2B - Define ecological footprint and per capita ecological footprint.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
22. The U.N. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment reports that human activities have overused ____ percent of the
earth’s natural services, and mostly since 1950.
a. 5
b. 10
c. 30
d. 60
e. 95
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 1.2 Human Impacts on the Earth
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.2C - Explain how a country’s ecological deficit is related to its biocapacity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
23. In 2018, the global population was about ____ billion people.
a. 3.1
b. 4.5
c. 6.0
d. 7.6
e. 8.7
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 1.3 Causes of Environmental Problems
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.3A - Describe exponential growth in terms of human population growth.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
24. If you wanted to develop a plan to protect a shared resource, it would be most important to consider what is
known about ____.
a. the tragedy of the commons
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b. the definition of open-access
c. sustainable yield
d. recycling
e. successful economic development
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 1.2 Human Impacts on the Earth
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.2A - Explain the tragedy of the commons in terms of open-access and
shared resources.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply
25. What is the best description of an ecological deficit?
a. The total ecological footprint is larger than the biological capacity to replenish renewable resources.
b. The total ecological footprint is smaller than the biological capacity to replenish renewable resources.
c. All nonrenewable resources have been exhausted and there are no renewable resources available.
d. The total ecological footprint is equal to the sustainable yield of renewable resources.
e. The total ecological footprint only involves the use of nonrenewable resources.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 1.2 Human Impacts on the Earth
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.2C - Explain how a country’s ecological deficit is related to its biocapacity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
26. In the IPAT equation, the "P" stands for ____.
a. poverty
b. pollution
c. per capita ecological footprint
d. percent
e. population size
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: 1.2 Human Impacts on the Earth
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.2C - Explain how a country’s ecological deficit is related to its biocapacity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
27. Qatar, Luxembourg, the United States, and Canada are examples of countries that have ____.
a. smaller ecological footprints than the world average
b. ecological footprints that are equivalent to the world average
c. larger ecological footprints than the world average
d. ecological footprints that are rapidly increasing toward the world average
e. ecological footprints that are rapidly decreasing toward the world average
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 1.2 Human Impacts on the Earth
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.2B - Define ecological footprint and per capita ecological footprint.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Analyze
28. Why do humans often degrade shared and open access resources?
a. Relatively few people use these resources.
b. Each person thinks that their effect is too small to matter.
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c. Each person feels responsibility for the resource.
d. These resources are usually in heavily used areas.
e. These resources are generally not sustainably designed.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 1.2 Human Impacts on the Earth
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.2A - Explain the tragedy of the commons in terms of open-access and
shared resources.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Analyze
29. Living sustainably on natural income can be compared to ____.
a. winning the lottery every year
b. saving your money rather than investing it
c. spending more money than your income provides
d. spending all your money on lottery tickets
e. living on the interest generated by an investment of capital
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: 1.4 Environmentally Sustainable Societies
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.4A - Explain why an environmentally sustainable society protects natural
capital.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
30. Compared with other people, those who are very isolated from nature, living in cities, and are rarely going
outside, are ____.
a. less likely to care about the environment
b. less reliant on the natural world
c. more knowledgeable about environmental issues
d. less likely to experience stress and depression
e. more likely to make major life changes to protect the environment
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 1.3 Causes of Environmental Problems
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.3D - List three effects of the nature deficit disorder.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Analyze
31. Due to changing attitudes toward the environment, most of the U.S. environmental laws now in place were
enacted during the ____.
a. 1890s
b. 1930s
c. 1950s
d. 1970s
e. 1990s
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 1.3 Causes of Environmental Problems
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.3E - List the three major categories of environmental worldviews.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
32. Which revolution began about 50 years ago and involved the development of technologies for gaining rapid
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Living in the Environment
G. Tyler Miller, and Scott E. Spoolman
20th Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 The Environment and Sustainability 1
Chapter 02 Science Matter Energy and Systems 23
Chapter 03 Ecosystems What Are They and How Do They Work 45
Chapter 04 Biodiversity and Evolution 70
Chapter 05 Species Interactions Ecological Succession and Population Control 92
Chapter 06 The Human Population 115
Chapter 07 Climate and Terrestrial Biodiversity 138
Chapter 08 Aquatic Biodiversity 161
Chapter 09 Sustaining Biodiversity Saving Species and Ecosystem Services 185
Chapter 10 Sustaining Biodiversity Saving Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services 208
Chapter 11 Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services 231
Chapter 12 Food Production and the Environment 254
Chapter 13 Water Resources 276
Chapter 14 Geology and Mineral Resources 298
Chapter 15 Nonrenewable Energy 319
Chapter 16 Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 341
Chapter 17 Environmental Hazards and Human Health 364
Chapter 18 Air Pollution and Ozone Depletion 387
Chapter 19 Climate Change 410
Chapter 20 Water Pollution 433
Chapter 21 Solid and Hazardous Waste 456
Chapter 22 Urbanization and Sustainability 479
Chapter 23 Economics Environment and Sustainability 502
Chapter 24 Politics Environment and Sustainability 526
Chapter 25 Environmental Worldviews Ethics and Sustainability 551
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Test Bank - Living in the Environment, 20th Edition (Miller, 2021)
Chapter 01 - The Environment and Sustainability
Multiple Choice
1. To develop a sustainable system, it is important to consider ____.
a. how to construct it to last for a long time in a stable environment
b. how to reduce human interactions with the system so that it can be kept relatively stable
c. whether the system produces the maximum short-term economic benefit
d. the short-term use of the system, rather than longer-term use
e. how to make the system resistant and adaptable so that it can persist as environmental conditions change
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: Core Case Study: Learning from the Earth
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.CC1.1 - Define sustainability.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply
2. To work in environmental science, it is most critical to understand and use principles of ____, even though
knowledge of other fields is useful.
a. economics
b. political science
c. sociology
d. ecology
e. psychology
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.1C - Explain how our lives and economies depend on the sun and on
natural capital.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply
3. Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem?
a. The system of plants, animals, fungi, and other organisms in a lake interacting with each other and with the
water, soil, and other nonliving components of their environment.
b. All of the plants found in a particular type of forest that is found in a particular region.
c. All the system of interactions between all of the animals found in a particular tropical forest.
d. All of the plants and animals that live in a particular region, regardless of whether they interact with each other
within that environment.
e. All of the living organisms on earth and the wide range of environments that support these diverse species.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.1C - Explain how our lives and economies depend on the sun and on
natural capital.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply
4. Using normally renewable resources faster than nature can restore them is called ____.
a. nutrient cycling
b. nutrient deficit
c. sustainability
d. trade-offs
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e. degrading natural capital
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: 1.2 Human Impacts on the Earth
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.2A - Explain the tragedy of the commons in terms of open-access and
shared resources.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
5. Solar energy is known as a(n) ____.
a. renewable resource
b. recyclable resource
c. inexhaustible resource
d. reusable resource
e. nonrenewable resource
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.1C - Explain how our lives and economies depend on the sun and on
natural capital.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
6. What is one of the three principles of sustainability provided by economics, politics, and ethics?
a. A dependence on solar energy
b. A focus on chemical cycling
c. The degradation of natural capital
d. A responsibility to future generations
e. The ability to retain biodiversity
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.1E - Identify six principles of sustainability.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
7. To protect an essential example of natural nutrient cycling, it is important to conserve ____.
a. economic growth
b. delivery of new nutrients to earth
c. recycling programs
d. plastics
e. topsoil
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.1A - Outline the three scientific principles of sustainability.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply
8. To effectively distinguish environmental science from environmentalism, it is most important to consider
whether ____.
a. the focus is on conducting science or advocacy
b. the discussion includes scientific data
c. some of the participants are trained scientists
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d. the participants are concerned about the health of the environment
e. the participants are familiar with strategies to improve the health of the environment
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.1C - Explain how our lives and economies depend on the sun and on
natural capital.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply
9. Political scientists often look for ____ based on cooperation and compromise that will benefit the largest
number of people as well as the environment.
a. natural capital
b. inexhaustible resources
c. biodiversity
d. win–win solutions
e. chemical cycling
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.1E - Identify six principles of sustainability.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
10. More-developed countries ____.
a. have a lower than average income
b. use mostly renewable resources
c. rely entirely on nonrenewable resources
d. comprise 17% of the world’s population
e. provide fewer recycling services
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.1C - Explain how our lives and economies depend on the sun and on
natural capital.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
11. The primary difference between renewable resources and nonrenewable resources is ____.
a. how easily each can be discovered
b. the available amount of each resource
c. the length of time it takes for each to be replenished
d. how fast each is being consumed
e. how quickly each can produce electricity
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.1D - List five key components of sustainability.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
12. What term describes a rate at which a renewable resource can be used indefinitely without reducing its
available supply?
a. Conservation
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b. Sustainable yield
c. Preservation
d. Perpetual resource
e. Degradation
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.1D - List five key components of sustainability.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
13. Which substance would be considered a renewable resource?
a. Copper
b. Oil
c. Clean air
d. Salt
e. Sand
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.1D - List five key components of sustainability.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
14. Which substance would be considered a nonrenewable resource?
a. Groundwater
b. Trees in a forest
c. Fertile soil
d. Oil
e. Crops
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.1D - List five key components of sustainability.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
15. All nonrenewable resources can theoretically be ____.
a. converted to nonmetallic minerals
b. converted to renewable ones
c. exhausted or depleted
d. recycled or reused
e. converted to inexhaustible resources
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.1D - List five key components of sustainability.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
16. To be sustainable, the total ecological footprint of an area’s population must be smaller than the ____.
a. per capita ecological footprint
b. environmental degradation
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c. biocapacity
d. natural capital
e. population growth
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 1.2 Human Impacts on the Earth
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.2C - Explain how a country’s ecological deficit is related to its biocapacity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
17. What types of resources could be managed well by developing approaches to their use based on calculating
sustainable yields?
a. Nonrenewable resources
b. Renewable resources
c. Shared resources
d. Amenable resources
e. Recycling
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 1.1 Principles of Sustainability
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.2C - Explain how a country’s ecological deficit is related to its biocapacity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply
18. Which revolution occurred first?
a. Industrial–medical revolution
b. Agricultural revolution
c. Sustainability revolution
d. Information–globalization revolution
e. Ecological revolution
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 1.2 Human Impacts on the Earth
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.2D - List the three major cultural changes that have influenced the human
ecological footprint.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
19. To reduce natural capital degradation, which activity should you address?
a. Use of wind power
b. Saving endangered species
c. Cleaning up pollution
d. Aquifer depletion
e. Water runoff
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 1.2 Human Impacts on the Earth
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.2C - Explain how a country’s ecological deficit is related to its biocapacity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply
20. Each of the three major cultural revolutions has allowed ____.
a. ecological restoration
b. expansion of the human population
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c. greater worldwide sustainability
d. pollution prevention
e. decreased consumption
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 1.2 Human Impacts on the Earth
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.2D - List the three major cultural changes that have influenced the human
ecological footprint.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
21. Which term refers to an average ecological footprint of an individual in a given country or area?
a. Per capita gross GNP
b. National ecological footprint
c. Per capita GDP
d. Sustainable yield
e. Per capita ecological footprint
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: 1.2 Human Impacts on the Earth
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.2B - Define ecological footprint and per capita ecological footprint.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
22. The U.N. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment reports that human activities have overused ____ percent of the
earth’s natural services, and mostly since 1950.
a. 5
b. 10
c. 30
d. 60
e. 95
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 1.2 Human Impacts on the Earth
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.2C - Explain how a country’s ecological deficit is related to its biocapacity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
23. In 2018, the global population was about ____ billion people.
a. 3.1
b. 4.5
c. 6.0
d. 7.6
e. 8.7
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 1.3 Causes of Environmental Problems
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.3A - Describe exponential growth in terms of human population growth.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
24. If you wanted to develop a plan to protect a shared resource, it would be most important to consider what is
known about ____.
a. the tragedy of the commons
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b. the definition of open-access
c. sustainable yield
d. recycling
e. successful economic development
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 1.2 Human Impacts on the Earth
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.2A - Explain the tragedy of the commons in terms of open-access and
shared resources.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Apply
25. What is the best description of an ecological deficit?
a. The total ecological footprint is larger than the biological capacity to replenish renewable resources.
b. The total ecological footprint is smaller than the biological capacity to replenish renewable resources.
c. All nonrenewable resources have been exhausted and there are no renewable resources available.
d. The total ecological footprint is equal to the sustainable yield of renewable resources.
e. The total ecological footprint only involves the use of nonrenewable resources.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 1.2 Human Impacts on the Earth
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.2C - Explain how a country’s ecological deficit is related to its biocapacity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
26. In the IPAT equation, the "P" stands for ____.
a. poverty
b. pollution
c. per capita ecological footprint
d. percent
e. population size
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: 1.2 Human Impacts on the Earth
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.2C - Explain how a country’s ecological deficit is related to its biocapacity.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
27. Qatar, Luxembourg, the United States, and Canada are examples of countries that have ____.
a. smaller ecological footprints than the world average
b. ecological footprints that are equivalent to the world average
c. larger ecological footprints than the world average
d. ecological footprints that are rapidly increasing toward the world average
e. ecological footprints that are rapidly decreasing toward the world average
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 1.2 Human Impacts on the Earth
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.2B - Define ecological footprint and per capita ecological footprint.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Analyze
28. Why do humans often degrade shared and open access resources?
a. Relatively few people use these resources.
b. Each person thinks that their effect is too small to matter.
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c. Each person feels responsibility for the resource.
d. These resources are usually in heavily used areas.
e. These resources are generally not sustainably designed.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 1.2 Human Impacts on the Earth
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.2A - Explain the tragedy of the commons in terms of open-access and
shared resources.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Analyze
29. Living sustainably on natural income can be compared to ____.
a. winning the lottery every year
b. saving your money rather than investing it
c. spending more money than your income provides
d. spending all your money on lottery tickets
e. living on the interest generated by an investment of capital
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: 1.4 Environmentally Sustainable Societies
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.4A - Explain why an environmentally sustainable society protects natural
capital.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
30. Compared with other people, those who are very isolated from nature, living in cities, and are rarely going
outside, are ____.
a. less likely to care about the environment
b. less reliant on the natural world
c. more knowledgeable about environmental issues
d. less likely to experience stress and depression
e. more likely to make major life changes to protect the environment
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 1.3 Causes of Environmental Problems
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.3D - List three effects of the nature deficit disorder.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Analyze
31. Due to changing attitudes toward the environment, most of the U.S. environmental laws now in place were
enacted during the ____.
a. 1890s
b. 1930s
c. 1950s
d. 1970s
e. 1990s
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 1.3 Causes of Environmental Problems
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LITE.MILL.21.1.3E - List the three major categories of environmental worldviews.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
32. Which revolution began about 50 years ago and involved the development of technologies for gaining rapid
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