Ophthalmic Optics Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
1. accommodation reduced to the point where near what is presbyopia?
work is difficult
2. generally occurs when amplitude of accommodation when does generally oc-
is less than ~5 dioptors (Assumes a 40 cm working cur (in regards to ampli-
distance) tude of accommodation)?
(patients are comfortable when do not have to use
more than 50% of their amplitude for extended peri-
ods of time)
3. patient uncomfortable with near work what are the signs and
symptoms of presbyopia?
blurred near vision
headache/eyestrain/fatigue with near work
holding near work farther away (arms are getting too
short)
requiring more light for reading
4. onset is highly variable when is the onset of pres-
byopia?
42 +/- years
5. hyperopes < emmetropes < myopes compare age of onset of
presbyopia for hyperopes,
(hyperomes have to accommodate more in their myopes, and emmetropes
glasses, myopes have to accommodate less in their
glasses)
6. sphere and cylinder Rx what is distance power?
,7. the amount of plus power (sph) added to the distance what is the add power?
power to give the near power
8. distance Rx + add what is the near power?
9. near power what do you Rx for reading
glasses?
10. spherical equivalent of add power what might you recom-
mend for OTC readers?
11. myope has too big of a built in add. far point is too why do myopes have
close so have to push it back negative prescriptions for
their near power?
12. used to commonly be +0.75 to +1.00 D what is the first add com-
monly?
now rarely less than +1.25 D (because most people in
PALs)
13. marketed as single vision come with lower adds in a what are anti fatigue lens-
blended segment es?
-Hoya Sync, Unity relax, Essilor, Eyezen, etc.
14. 0.25 D increase every
2 to 3 years for add
15. +2.25 to +2.50 D maximum adds are typi-
cally . why? when
40 cm typical working distance would you use higher
adds?
short arms, low vision
16. what are the factors that
influence add power?
, age, occupational/visual demands, stature/arm
length, pupil size (small pupil = increase depth of
field/focus and do not notice blur as much)
17. age tables how do we determine ten-
tative add?
BCC
plus build up
amplitude of accommodation
-allow patient to use 50% of AA at near
18. hard adaptation why not give everyone a
+2.50 add?
image jump (occurs with line bifocal - as cross over
segment, causes image to jump because of prismatic
effects. bigger add power = bigger image jump)
BV/accom reasons
limited range of clear comfortable vision
19. maximum range of clear vision what are the 2 ways to
-using full amplitude of accommodation (0 accommo- consider the range of
dation to max level of accommodation) clear vision that the pa-
tient will have through
range of clear comfortable vision (not maximally ac- their spectacles?
commodating - can do over a long period of time and
still be comfortable)
-using 1/2 amplitude of accommodation
-> maximum comfortable accommodation (MCA)
-this approach tells us more about true functional vi-
sion
, 20. infinity what is the far point
through distance Rx?
21. 1/AA what is the near point
through distance Rx?
22. 1/MCA what is the near comfort
point through distance Rx?
23. 1/add what is the far point
through near Rx?
24. 1/(add + AA) what is the near point
through near Rx?
25. 1/(add + MCA) what is the near comfort
point through near Rx?
26. gap in functional range of vision (intermediate dis- over correcting add can
tance is doable through distance Rx but it is not sus- cause a
tainable nor comfortable)
27. intermediate distance gaps in clear vision even with once AA decreases
an appropriate add power enough (1.00 D to 1.50
D), there there will be
28. benjamin franklin who was credited with in-
venting the bifocal?
29. combined halves of his distance lenses with halves of describe the franklin bifo-
his near lenses in a frame cal
CORRECT Answers
1. accommodation reduced to the point where near what is presbyopia?
work is difficult
2. generally occurs when amplitude of accommodation when does generally oc-
is less than ~5 dioptors (Assumes a 40 cm working cur (in regards to ampli-
distance) tude of accommodation)?
(patients are comfortable when do not have to use
more than 50% of their amplitude for extended peri-
ods of time)
3. patient uncomfortable with near work what are the signs and
symptoms of presbyopia?
blurred near vision
headache/eyestrain/fatigue with near work
holding near work farther away (arms are getting too
short)
requiring more light for reading
4. onset is highly variable when is the onset of pres-
byopia?
42 +/- years
5. hyperopes < emmetropes < myopes compare age of onset of
presbyopia for hyperopes,
(hyperomes have to accommodate more in their myopes, and emmetropes
glasses, myopes have to accommodate less in their
glasses)
6. sphere and cylinder Rx what is distance power?
,7. the amount of plus power (sph) added to the distance what is the add power?
power to give the near power
8. distance Rx + add what is the near power?
9. near power what do you Rx for reading
glasses?
10. spherical equivalent of add power what might you recom-
mend for OTC readers?
11. myope has too big of a built in add. far point is too why do myopes have
close so have to push it back negative prescriptions for
their near power?
12. used to commonly be +0.75 to +1.00 D what is the first add com-
monly?
now rarely less than +1.25 D (because most people in
PALs)
13. marketed as single vision come with lower adds in a what are anti fatigue lens-
blended segment es?
-Hoya Sync, Unity relax, Essilor, Eyezen, etc.
14. 0.25 D increase every
2 to 3 years for add
15. +2.25 to +2.50 D maximum adds are typi-
cally . why? when
40 cm typical working distance would you use higher
adds?
short arms, low vision
16. what are the factors that
influence add power?
, age, occupational/visual demands, stature/arm
length, pupil size (small pupil = increase depth of
field/focus and do not notice blur as much)
17. age tables how do we determine ten-
tative add?
BCC
plus build up
amplitude of accommodation
-allow patient to use 50% of AA at near
18. hard adaptation why not give everyone a
+2.50 add?
image jump (occurs with line bifocal - as cross over
segment, causes image to jump because of prismatic
effects. bigger add power = bigger image jump)
BV/accom reasons
limited range of clear comfortable vision
19. maximum range of clear vision what are the 2 ways to
-using full amplitude of accommodation (0 accommo- consider the range of
dation to max level of accommodation) clear vision that the pa-
tient will have through
range of clear comfortable vision (not maximally ac- their spectacles?
commodating - can do over a long period of time and
still be comfortable)
-using 1/2 amplitude of accommodation
-> maximum comfortable accommodation (MCA)
-this approach tells us more about true functional vi-
sion
, 20. infinity what is the far point
through distance Rx?
21. 1/AA what is the near point
through distance Rx?
22. 1/MCA what is the near comfort
point through distance Rx?
23. 1/add what is the far point
through near Rx?
24. 1/(add + AA) what is the near point
through near Rx?
25. 1/(add + MCA) what is the near comfort
point through near Rx?
26. gap in functional range of vision (intermediate dis- over correcting add can
tance is doable through distance Rx but it is not sus- cause a
tainable nor comfortable)
27. intermediate distance gaps in clear vision even with once AA decreases
an appropriate add power enough (1.00 D to 1.50
D), there there will be
28. benjamin franklin who was credited with in-
venting the bifocal?
29. combined halves of his distance lenses with halves of describe the franklin bifo-
his near lenses in a frame cal
