D311 Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
1. ethnocentrism described as an attitude that one's own cultural group is the center
of everything and all other groups are evaluated with reference to it;
universal tendency resulting from social categorization that has broad
implications
2. characteristics of ethno- -what goes on in our culture is seen as "natural or correct" and what
centrism goes on in other cultures is perceived as "unnatrual"
-we perceive our own in-group customs as universally valid
-we unquestionably think that in-group norms, roles, and values are
correct
-we believe that it is natural to help and cooperate with members of our
in-group, to favor our in-group
3. culture consists of patterned ways of thinking, feeling, and reacting, acquired
and transmitted mainly by symbols, constituting the distinctive achieve-
ment of human groups, including their embodiment in artifacts; the
essential core of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their
attached values
4. culture is (4 things) -shared (you are familiar with your own culture, you can have different
opinions about your culture's characteristics)
-learned (parents teach children appropriate behavior by telling sto-
ries)
-systematic and organized (culture isn't a collection of random customs,
they're interrelated. you need to understand culture in context)
-a set of knowledge structures (consisting of systems of values, norms,
attitudes, beliefs, and behavioral meanings that are shared by members
of a social group (society) and that are learned from previous genera-
tions
5. individualism
, tendency to view each person as independent of others and to be more
concerned about the consequences of a person's actions for that person
alone
6. collectivism the tendency of a society to view people as interdependent with selected
others who are part of stable groups, such as kinship
7. social axioms -basic truths or premises or generalized expectancies that relate to a
wide range of social behaviors across different contexts
-generalized beliefs about oneself, the social and physical environment,
or the spiritual world, and are in the form of an assertion about the
relationship between two entities or concepts "A is related to B" "Good
health leads to good success"
8. frame of reference the more you know about another culture, the better you can explain it
9. schemas shape what people associate with everything from simple everyday as-
pects of life (image that the word brings to mind) to social groups, such
as culture
10. scripts largely unconscious mental representations that shape how we think
and act in a given situation; people rely on scripts to guide behavior
when some new situation matches similar situations with which they have
had extensive prior experience; each person's scripts are based on the
experiences that they have had in the cultures with which they have had
the most involvement
11. how are scripts different unlike schemas, scripts are concerned with how a sequence of events will
from schemas? unfold and how we adjust our actions appropriately
12. atttribution helps us to understand and reach to our environment by linking the
observation of an event to its causes; in order to attribute behavior, we
rely on cues from the situation that indicate the extent to which indi-
1. ethnocentrism described as an attitude that one's own cultural group is the center
of everything and all other groups are evaluated with reference to it;
universal tendency resulting from social categorization that has broad
implications
2. characteristics of ethno- -what goes on in our culture is seen as "natural or correct" and what
centrism goes on in other cultures is perceived as "unnatrual"
-we perceive our own in-group customs as universally valid
-we unquestionably think that in-group norms, roles, and values are
correct
-we believe that it is natural to help and cooperate with members of our
in-group, to favor our in-group
3. culture consists of patterned ways of thinking, feeling, and reacting, acquired
and transmitted mainly by symbols, constituting the distinctive achieve-
ment of human groups, including their embodiment in artifacts; the
essential core of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their
attached values
4. culture is (4 things) -shared (you are familiar with your own culture, you can have different
opinions about your culture's characteristics)
-learned (parents teach children appropriate behavior by telling sto-
ries)
-systematic and organized (culture isn't a collection of random customs,
they're interrelated. you need to understand culture in context)
-a set of knowledge structures (consisting of systems of values, norms,
attitudes, beliefs, and behavioral meanings that are shared by members
of a social group (society) and that are learned from previous genera-
tions
5. individualism
, tendency to view each person as independent of others and to be more
concerned about the consequences of a person's actions for that person
alone
6. collectivism the tendency of a society to view people as interdependent with selected
others who are part of stable groups, such as kinship
7. social axioms -basic truths or premises or generalized expectancies that relate to a
wide range of social behaviors across different contexts
-generalized beliefs about oneself, the social and physical environment,
or the spiritual world, and are in the form of an assertion about the
relationship between two entities or concepts "A is related to B" "Good
health leads to good success"
8. frame of reference the more you know about another culture, the better you can explain it
9. schemas shape what people associate with everything from simple everyday as-
pects of life (image that the word brings to mind) to social groups, such
as culture
10. scripts largely unconscious mental representations that shape how we think
and act in a given situation; people rely on scripts to guide behavior
when some new situation matches similar situations with which they have
had extensive prior experience; each person's scripts are based on the
experiences that they have had in the cultures with which they have had
the most involvement
11. how are scripts different unlike schemas, scripts are concerned with how a sequence of events will
from schemas? unfold and how we adjust our actions appropriately
12. atttribution helps us to understand and reach to our environment by linking the
observation of an event to its causes; in order to attribute behavior, we
rely on cues from the situation that indicate the extent to which indi-
