Child Development FINAL EXAM Questions And Answers

What is child development? - ANS a study of predictable patterns of growth and change from conception through adolescence. Which of the following statements about the context or culture is accurate? - ANS Even within cultures and communities, the experience of males and females is often different. Social class and socioeconomic status affect development. Which of the following profiles, best describes a typical working-class individual? - ANS Kim is a high school graduate and owns a home with her husband. She works as a bus driver. Which of the following examples best illustrates the debate between nature and nurture in development? - ANS Dr. Hepburn thinks that the course of children's development is largely predetermined at birth, whereas Dr. Tracy thinks that how children develop is influenced by children's home lives and educational experience. Which of the following is an example of continuous change? - ANS Baby Erin has gained two pounds since arriving home from the hospital. Which of the following children is undergoing the best example of non-developmental change? - ANS Nine-year-old Amy falls and breaks her arm. Natasha's physical and cognitive abilities are expanding rapidly. She has learned to jump, run, draw, and swim. Her parents expect her to do many things for herself and to get along with others. What period of development is Natasha in? - ANS Early childhood Drew can throw the ball farther this spring than he could last spring. What question would a developmental scientist in the field of child development most likely ask about this type of change. - ANS What changes, and how did the change occur? Which of the following skills has a critical period in development? - ANS Learning to speak. The science of child development is based on scientific study. What is the best definition of scientific study? - ANS Asking questions based on current theories, gathering and analyzing data about the questions, using data to improve theories and then ask new questions based on the improved theories. Immigrant children seem to adjust most successfully when they: - ANS Learn a new culture while also retaining some customs of their previous culture. For typically developing children in industrialized, Western nations, which of the following developments occur in middle childhood? - ANS Children gain an understanding of abstract concepts like morality. The science of child development has evolved in the past century. Today's research questions typically require multidisciplinary approaches. Current experts in child development criticize Piagetian theory because: - ANS It overly reflects the activities and expectations of Western cultures. Young geese will attach to the first nurturing figure they see after they are born. The principle is known as _________, which is considered to be a bonding experience that has great adaptive value. - ANS Imprinting Noelle is a 12-year-old that knows she is expected to drop off her cell phone at the school office as soon as she enters school in the morning. Based of Freud's beliefs, which element of personality drives Noelle's desire to hide her cell phone in her backpack rather than dropping it off in the school office? - ANS Id When children are in the stages of "initiative versus guilt" and "industry versus inferiority," teachers and families can take steps that encourage positive resolution of the psychosocial crises. All of the following are recommended EXCEPT: - ANS Assist children when they attempt to do things independently and help them avoid mistakes and accidents. Maris learns to tie her shoe by watching her older sister successfully tie her own shoe. Rather than shaping Maria's behavior by using reinforcements, Bandura's social learning theory relies on: - ANS Vicarious learning When asked by his teacher, Miguel is able to recall from his literature class yesterday that Lewis Carroll wrote the book "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland." In retrieving this information, Miguel is accessing knowledge from his: - ANS Long-term memory As Kelvin learns a new skill within his zone of proximal development, his dad provides scaffolding. Lev Vygotsky coined the term zone of proximal development to refer to: - ANS The area between what a child can do independently and what a child can do with guidance. What is the most important thing to keep in mind when considering results from correlational research? - ANS Correlation does not mean causation. The Institutional Review Board exists to ensure: - ANS Researchers conducting human research involving human subjects are following all ethical guidelines. During a qualitative study, a researcher interviewed a cross-section of children from single-parent households about parent-child relationships based on varied parenting styles. During the interviews, the researcher saw bruises on one of the six-year-olds and learned (during the interview with the child) that he was being abused at home. What should the researcher do? - ANS Report the abuse and act in the child's best interests. The color of our hair and eyes is determined by our: - ANS Genes Sex cells are referred to as_______, and the result of sex cells combining is referred to as_________. - ANS Gametes, zygotes. A zygote with an extra chromosome is associated with which of the following abnormalities? - ANS Down Syndrome A zygote forms from reproductive cells. How does the zygote then transform into cells that perform all of the functions in the human body? - ANS Genes guide cell differentiation for unique functions. A scientist is preparing a lecture for a symposium next week on the topic of cloning. If he agrees with most current scientists, what will he most likely say in his lecture? - ANS Because there are so many unknowns, most scientists consider human reproductive cloning to be potentially dangerous and ethically irresponsible. A family already have five sons, and they would very much like to have a little girl in their family. What information would a doctor most likely give to this couple who would like to determine the sex of their next child? - ANS Medical interventions can sort sperm into X or Y bearing groups. The first phase of pregnancy is known as the________, and it typically lasts about_________. - ANS Germinal stage, two weeks. Paula has a history of hemophilia in her family. She was extremely relieved when the tests from her ________ test revealed that her fetus is healthy and does not show evidence of being at risk for hemophilia. - ANS Amniocentesis Which of the following describes a medical breakthrough that has greatly reduced prenatal diseases and fetal abnormalities? - ANS In Utero medical and surgical techniques. In what ways do teratogens influence prenatal development? - ANS Teratogens may cause miscarriages and birth defects. What biological factors contributes to a mother's responsiveness and instant feeling of attachment to her newborn? - ANS Production of the hormone oxytocin. What is strengthened in infants when parents comfort them and use emotional words such as sad, angry, and frustrated? - ANS Synapses for emotional development. What is the normal weight and length of healthy newborns? - ANS 5.5 to 10 pounds, 20 inches.