LING-115 Final Exam 2025/2026 Exam
Questions and Detailed Answers | Get it
100% Correct Answers
Standard language - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A language that can be
written/standardized to some degree by grammar
Lingua franca - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Language which is used for communication
by peoples whose first languages differ
National language - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Symbol of nation's identity; helps unify
the citizens
Official language - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Language that speakers have the legal
right to use in a designated official domain
Paraguay (NL, OL) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Guarani, Spanish
Tanzania (NL, OL) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Swahili, Swahili/English
,Languages of wider communication (LWC) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Use of a
language in a wide range of formal domains
Examples of LWC's - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Swahili in Tanzania
Urdu in Pakistan
Is English an official language in USA or Britain? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔No; vast
majority of the population speaks English, but it's unnecessary to state that
English is the national language
Most important factor taken into account when a government recognizes a
language - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Cost
What was the Philippines' national language, and what was it based on? - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔Pilipino / Tagalog; caused a lot of resentment based on the
advantages of national languages
Steps in the establishment and spread of a new national language - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔1. Selection
2. Codification
3. Lexical expansion/Elaboration of function
4. Implementation
,5. Acceptance
Selection - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Appropriate variety must be chosen from a set
of alternatives
Codification - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Selected language has to be standardized
by:
1. Grammar rules
2. Dictionary
3. Written form of the language
Lexical expansion/Elaboration of function - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Expansion of
the vocabulary (creation of new words)
Implementation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Use of the national language in:
Mass education
Radio/television
Propaganda
Acceptance - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Positive promotion strategies by the
government
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Terms related to language planning (3) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. Language
planning
2. Corpus planning
3. Status planning
Language planning - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Activities which aim at changing
linguistic behavior
Corpus planning - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Activities attempting to change internal
structure (language expansion)
Status planning - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Efforts to change the use/function of a
language (i.e. national/official language)
Ideals of a successful national language - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Unifying function
- Unites a people
Separatist function - Distinguishes from other countries
Prestige - Higher status than other dialects
Function as a standard - Model of speech
Norway had two competing national languages: ________ & ________ - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔Bokmal & Nynorsk
Questions and Detailed Answers | Get it
100% Correct Answers
Standard language - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A language that can be
written/standardized to some degree by grammar
Lingua franca - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Language which is used for communication
by peoples whose first languages differ
National language - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Symbol of nation's identity; helps unify
the citizens
Official language - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Language that speakers have the legal
right to use in a designated official domain
Paraguay (NL, OL) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Guarani, Spanish
Tanzania (NL, OL) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Swahili, Swahili/English
,Languages of wider communication (LWC) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Use of a
language in a wide range of formal domains
Examples of LWC's - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Swahili in Tanzania
Urdu in Pakistan
Is English an official language in USA or Britain? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔No; vast
majority of the population speaks English, but it's unnecessary to state that
English is the national language
Most important factor taken into account when a government recognizes a
language - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Cost
What was the Philippines' national language, and what was it based on? - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔Pilipino / Tagalog; caused a lot of resentment based on the
advantages of national languages
Steps in the establishment and spread of a new national language - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔1. Selection
2. Codification
3. Lexical expansion/Elaboration of function
4. Implementation
,5. Acceptance
Selection - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Appropriate variety must be chosen from a set
of alternatives
Codification - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Selected language has to be standardized
by:
1. Grammar rules
2. Dictionary
3. Written form of the language
Lexical expansion/Elaboration of function - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Expansion of
the vocabulary (creation of new words)
Implementation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Use of the national language in:
Mass education
Radio/television
Propaganda
Acceptance - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Positive promotion strategies by the
government
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Terms related to language planning (3) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1. Language
planning
2. Corpus planning
3. Status planning
Language planning - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Activities which aim at changing
linguistic behavior
Corpus planning - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Activities attempting to change internal
structure (language expansion)
Status planning - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Efforts to change the use/function of a
language (i.e. national/official language)
Ideals of a successful national language - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Unifying function
- Unites a people
Separatist function - Distinguishes from other countries
Prestige - Higher status than other dialects
Function as a standard - Model of speech
Norway had two competing national languages: ________ & ________ - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔Bokmal & Nynorsk
