CORRECT ANSWERS|LATEST 2025/2026|GRADED
Foodborne infection - ANSWER delayed onset- up to 72 hours; salmonella and E.Coli
are examples
Foodborne intoxication - ANSWER from ingesting toxins or excrements in food, or
chemical, or from food left in TDZ, RAPID onset, Staphylococcus Aureus and Clostridium
Botulinum are examples
3 areas of food safety and sanitation - ANSWER Time and Temperature (T&T), Heat
and Cold, Washing of hands and ware-washing
PIES (high risk populations) - ANSWER pregnant/nursing, infants/children, elderly,
systems (immune) compromised
4 categories of food contaminants - ANSWER biological (anything living), physical,
chemical, cross contamination
4 kinds of biological hazards - ANSWER bacteria, viruses, parasites fungi
What accounts for 90% of foodborne illness? - ANSWER bacteria
How fast does bacteria grow? - ANSWER doubles every 20 minutes if in the danger
zone
Toxins - ANSWER waste products that come from bacteria consuming the nutrients in
foods, and then giving off waste; may feel/look like slime; can NOT be killed with heat or
cold; SOME are good (yogurts, cheese, sour cream)
1
, Spores - ANSWER resistant to heat and dry; thick 'shell". Will not reproduce but can go
back to growth state if conditions are right; common in home canned foods
E. Coli - ANSWER in human intestines (and other animals), can hur food and water,
some can cause death to PIES group, commin ground beef, raw fruits/veggies,
What are 90% of E.Coli outbreaks due to? - ANSWER undercooked ground beef
Salmonella - ANSWER foodborne infection; often in eggs/poultry, human intestines,
animals, to prevent: cook poultry to 165 for 15 secs
1 in 10,000 eggs - ANSWER is infected with salmonella
Clostridium Botulinum - ANSWER anaerobic growth; can form spores; affects CNS- rare
but deadly; foudn in soil, lakes, human intestines, fish, smoked meats, vacuum packed foods,
swollen cans MOST DEADLY bacteria Foodborne intoxication
Leftover baked and wrapped potatoes - ANSWER must be refrigerated to avoid
botulism
MAP - ANSWER Modified Atmosphere Packaging are precooked and O2 is taken out
Listeria - ANSWER lunchmeat, soil water, animal feed, intestines Grows well even
under 41 degrees Up to 70% of refrigerators have listeria MUST keep all foods covered
Causes abortion in pregnant women
Shigella - ANSWER in human intestines; may produce dysentery; usually passed from
not washing hands after bathroom use; passed from human to human; in ready to eat foods
such as beans, pudding, raw oysters, deli meat, raw spinach and strawberries
2
Foodborne infection - ANSWER delayed onset- up to 72 hours; salmonella and E.Coli
are examples
Foodborne intoxication - ANSWER from ingesting toxins or excrements in food, or
chemical, or from food left in TDZ, RAPID onset, Staphylococcus Aureus and Clostridium
Botulinum are examples
3 areas of food safety and sanitation - ANSWER Time and Temperature (T&T), Heat
and Cold, Washing of hands and ware-washing
PIES (high risk populations) - ANSWER pregnant/nursing, infants/children, elderly,
systems (immune) compromised
4 categories of food contaminants - ANSWER biological (anything living), physical,
chemical, cross contamination
4 kinds of biological hazards - ANSWER bacteria, viruses, parasites fungi
What accounts for 90% of foodborne illness? - ANSWER bacteria
How fast does bacteria grow? - ANSWER doubles every 20 minutes if in the danger
zone
Toxins - ANSWER waste products that come from bacteria consuming the nutrients in
foods, and then giving off waste; may feel/look like slime; can NOT be killed with heat or
cold; SOME are good (yogurts, cheese, sour cream)
1
, Spores - ANSWER resistant to heat and dry; thick 'shell". Will not reproduce but can go
back to growth state if conditions are right; common in home canned foods
E. Coli - ANSWER in human intestines (and other animals), can hur food and water,
some can cause death to PIES group, commin ground beef, raw fruits/veggies,
What are 90% of E.Coli outbreaks due to? - ANSWER undercooked ground beef
Salmonella - ANSWER foodborne infection; often in eggs/poultry, human intestines,
animals, to prevent: cook poultry to 165 for 15 secs
1 in 10,000 eggs - ANSWER is infected with salmonella
Clostridium Botulinum - ANSWER anaerobic growth; can form spores; affects CNS- rare
but deadly; foudn in soil, lakes, human intestines, fish, smoked meats, vacuum packed foods,
swollen cans MOST DEADLY bacteria Foodborne intoxication
Leftover baked and wrapped potatoes - ANSWER must be refrigerated to avoid
botulism
MAP - ANSWER Modified Atmosphere Packaging are precooked and O2 is taken out
Listeria - ANSWER lunchmeat, soil water, animal feed, intestines Grows well even
under 41 degrees Up to 70% of refrigerators have listeria MUST keep all foods covered
Causes abortion in pregnant women
Shigella - ANSWER in human intestines; may produce dysentery; usually passed from
not washing hands after bathroom use; passed from human to human; in ready to eat foods
such as beans, pudding, raw oysters, deli meat, raw spinach and strawberries
2
