NR507-NP Midterm Exam Questions with 100%
Correct Answers | Verified | Latest Update
1. Which of the following are considered the "first responders" of
the innate immune system? Ans Neutrophils; they appear first in any immune response
2. Hives (urticaria) are an example of a Ans
a. Type 1 Hypersensitivity reaction
b. Type 2 Hypersensitivity reaction
c. Type 3 Hypersensitivity reaction
d. Type 4 Hypersensitivity reaction
Ans A. Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction; hives (urticarial) are an example of a Type 1 hypersensitivity
reaction mediated by the antibody, IgE and mast cells
3. Anaphylaxis is a hypersensitivity reaction
a. Type 1
b. Type 2
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, c. Type 3
d. Type 4
Ans A. Type 1; they are mediated by IgE and mast cells. An individual who is highly sensitized to the antigen may
experience anaphylaxis
4. Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of hypersensitivity reaction.
a. Type 1
b. Type 2
c. Type 3
d. Type 4
Ans D. Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction mediated by T-cells. When the
individual comes in contact with the allergen (ex. poison ivy), an antigen complex is formed. On subsequent exposure
to the antigen, sensitized T-cells activate the inflammatory process that causes the allergic contact dermatitis to
appear
Type 2 (Cytotoxic) Hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by
a. IgA or IgE
b. IgM or IgA
c. IgG or IgM
d. IgE or IgG
Ans C. Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgG or IgM
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, 6. Type 1 Ans Allergic Reaction Ans On initial encounter with an allergen, the individual will first
produce IgE antibodies. After the allergen is cleared, the remaining IgE molecules will be bound by mast cells,
basophils, and eosinophils that contain receptors for the IgE molecules. This process is referred to as sensitization.
On subsequent exposure to the allergen, the IgE molecules located on the sensitized cells induces their immediate
degranulation. This causes the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes, and
prostaglandins that results in vasodilation, bronchial smooth muscle contraction, and mucus production. Type I
hypersensitivity reactions can be
local or systemic. Systemic reactions can result in anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition. Allergic asthma
is an example of a Type I hypersensitivity reaction. On exposure to certain allergens (typically inhaled), individuals
with allergic asthma experience inflammation of the airways, characterized by tissue swelling and excessive mucus
production. This narrowing of the airways makes it diflcult to breathe.
7. Type 2 Ans Tissue-Specific Ans A Type II hypersensitivity reaction is tissue-specific and usually occurs
as a result of haptens that cause an IgG antibody or IgM antibody mediated response. The antibodies are
specifically directed to the antigen located on the cell membrane. A hapten is a small molecule that can cause an
immune response when it attaches to a protein. Macrophages are the primary ettector cells of Type II responses.
Typical examples of Type II reactions are drug allergies, as well as allergies against infectious agents. The Type II
response begins with the antibody binding to the antigen and may cause the following Ans
1. The cell to be destroyed by the antibody
2. Cell destruction through phagocytosis by macrophages
3. Damage to the cell by neutrophils triggering phagocytosis
4. Natural killer cells to release toxic substances that destroy the target cell
5. Malfunction of the cell without destruction
Examples of type II reactions include drug allergies, hemolytic anemia, blood transfusion mismatch with resulting
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, transfusion reaction and Rh hemolytic disease.
8. Type 3 Ans Immune-Complex Reaction Ans The Type III hypersensitivity reaction is also an
antigen-anti- body response. The major ditterence between Type II and Type III responses is that in a Type II
response, the antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface, but in Type III responses, the antibody binds to the
antigen in the blood or body fluids and then circulates to the tissue. Type III reactions are not organ specific and use
neutrophils as the primary ettector cell. In type III hypersensitivity reactions immune-complex deposition (ICD)
causes autoimmune diseases, which is often a complication. As the disease progresses a more accumulation of
immune-complexes occurs, and when the body becomes overloaded the complexes are deposited in the tissues and
cause inflammation as the mononuclear
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Correct Answers | Verified | Latest Update
1. Which of the following are considered the "first responders" of
the innate immune system? Ans Neutrophils; they appear first in any immune response
2. Hives (urticaria) are an example of a Ans
a. Type 1 Hypersensitivity reaction
b. Type 2 Hypersensitivity reaction
c. Type 3 Hypersensitivity reaction
d. Type 4 Hypersensitivity reaction
Ans A. Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction; hives (urticarial) are an example of a Type 1 hypersensitivity
reaction mediated by the antibody, IgE and mast cells
3. Anaphylaxis is a hypersensitivity reaction
a. Type 1
b. Type 2
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, c. Type 3
d. Type 4
Ans A. Type 1; they are mediated by IgE and mast cells. An individual who is highly sensitized to the antigen may
experience anaphylaxis
4. Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of hypersensitivity reaction.
a. Type 1
b. Type 2
c. Type 3
d. Type 4
Ans D. Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction mediated by T-cells. When the
individual comes in contact with the allergen (ex. poison ivy), an antigen complex is formed. On subsequent exposure
to the antigen, sensitized T-cells activate the inflammatory process that causes the allergic contact dermatitis to
appear
Type 2 (Cytotoxic) Hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by
a. IgA or IgE
b. IgM or IgA
c. IgG or IgM
d. IgE or IgG
Ans C. Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgG or IgM
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, 6. Type 1 Ans Allergic Reaction Ans On initial encounter with an allergen, the individual will first
produce IgE antibodies. After the allergen is cleared, the remaining IgE molecules will be bound by mast cells,
basophils, and eosinophils that contain receptors for the IgE molecules. This process is referred to as sensitization.
On subsequent exposure to the allergen, the IgE molecules located on the sensitized cells induces their immediate
degranulation. This causes the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes, and
prostaglandins that results in vasodilation, bronchial smooth muscle contraction, and mucus production. Type I
hypersensitivity reactions can be
local or systemic. Systemic reactions can result in anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition. Allergic asthma
is an example of a Type I hypersensitivity reaction. On exposure to certain allergens (typically inhaled), individuals
with allergic asthma experience inflammation of the airways, characterized by tissue swelling and excessive mucus
production. This narrowing of the airways makes it diflcult to breathe.
7. Type 2 Ans Tissue-Specific Ans A Type II hypersensitivity reaction is tissue-specific and usually occurs
as a result of haptens that cause an IgG antibody or IgM antibody mediated response. The antibodies are
specifically directed to the antigen located on the cell membrane. A hapten is a small molecule that can cause an
immune response when it attaches to a protein. Macrophages are the primary ettector cells of Type II responses.
Typical examples of Type II reactions are drug allergies, as well as allergies against infectious agents. The Type II
response begins with the antibody binding to the antigen and may cause the following Ans
1. The cell to be destroyed by the antibody
2. Cell destruction through phagocytosis by macrophages
3. Damage to the cell by neutrophils triggering phagocytosis
4. Natural killer cells to release toxic substances that destroy the target cell
5. Malfunction of the cell without destruction
Examples of type II reactions include drug allergies, hemolytic anemia, blood transfusion mismatch with resulting
mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/user/DREAMS
, transfusion reaction and Rh hemolytic disease.
8. Type 3 Ans Immune-Complex Reaction Ans The Type III hypersensitivity reaction is also an
antigen-anti- body response. The major ditterence between Type II and Type III responses is that in a Type II
response, the antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface, but in Type III responses, the antibody binds to the
antigen in the blood or body fluids and then circulates to the tissue. Type III reactions are not organ specific and use
neutrophils as the primary ettector cell. In type III hypersensitivity reactions immune-complex deposition (ICD)
causes autoimmune diseases, which is often a complication. As the disease progresses a more accumulation of
immune-complexes occurs, and when the body becomes overloaded the complexes are deposited in the tissues and
cause inflammation as the mononuclear
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