SCRN STUDY GUIDE: ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY 2025/ 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Medial medullary syndrome - correct answer -Infarction of pyramid- c/l hemiplegia of arm and
leg, sparing face
If medial lemniscus-c/l loss of tactile and proprioception
If hypoglossal nerve nucleus involved- ipsilateral LMN hypoglossal nerve palsy - atrophy of half
of tongue.
Basilar Artery - correct answer -Paramedian- wedge of pons in midline
Short circumerential- lateral two thirds of pons and middle and superior cerebellar peduncles
Long circumferential- Superior and anterior inferior cerebellar
Basilar artery syndromes - correct answer -Occlusion of basilar artery-b/l brainstem signs
Occlusion of basilar branch artery- unilateral motor, sensory and cranial nerves
Complete basilar artery occlusion(Locked in state)-b/l long tract(sensory/motor) with cranial
nerve and cerebellar dysfunction- preserved consciousness,quadriplegia and cranial nerve signs
Basilar artery branch-syndrome of anterior inferior cerebellar artery(lateral inferior pontine
syndrome) - correct answer -Anterior inferior cerebellar artery- lateral part of inferior pons and
anterior part of inferior cerebellar hemispheres
Cerebellum-Ataxia of limb and gait
,7th nerve nuclues- Facial weakness
8th nerve nucleus-Deafness, tinnitus, vertigo, nausea, vomiting
Spinothalamic tract-c/l loss of pain and temperature
Basilar artery branch-Syndrome of superior cerebellar artery(Lateral superior pontine
syndrome) - correct answer -Superior cerebellar artery- lateral part of superior pons and
superior surface of cerebellar hemispheres
Superior and middle cerebellar peduncles and superior cerebellar hemisphere-Ataxia of limb
and gait
Vestibular nucleus-dizziness, nausea and vomiting
Spinothalamic tract-c/l loss of pain and temperature
Medial pontine syndromes - correct answer -Caused due to occlusion of paramedian and short
circumferential branches of basilar artery
Corticobulbar and corticospinal-c/l face, arm and leg paralysis
Cerebellar peduncles-ataxia of limb and gait
Thrombotic stroke - correct answer -caused by :
1: thrombus or stenosis (plaque accumulation occurring over time narrowing the lumen in
artery going to brain)
Embolic stroke - correct answer -caused by embolus formed elsewhere usually the heart or
carotids
, Lacunar infarct - correct answer -occlusion of smaller, penetrating arteries
*referred to as "pure motor" or "pure sensory" because an area is so small it only affects motor
or sensory, not both
Hemorrhagic syndromes - correct answer -Putamen or thalmus: contralateral sensorimotor
deficit (proximity to internal capsule)
Pons: early coma(reticular activating system), pinpoint pupils, absent horizontal eye movements
cerebellum: n/v, vertigo, gait ataxia
Intercranial hemorrhage: four main types - correct answer -1 Epidural(EDH)
2: Subdural (SDH)
3: Subarachnoid (SAH)
4: Intraparenchymal (IPH)
Stroke mimics: Metabolic problems - correct answer -Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia
Hepatic encephalopathy
Systemic infection
Hypoglycemia is the most easily detected stroke mimic, because a blood glucose level test is
usually reliable and indicates the presence of low blood sugar. Patients typically respond rapidly
to the administration of a bolus of D50. Although hypoglycemia sometimes presents with
hemiplegia and aphasia, hypoglycemic patients who present with these signs will most often be
PHYSIOLOGY 2025/ 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Medial medullary syndrome - correct answer -Infarction of pyramid- c/l hemiplegia of arm and
leg, sparing face
If medial lemniscus-c/l loss of tactile and proprioception
If hypoglossal nerve nucleus involved- ipsilateral LMN hypoglossal nerve palsy - atrophy of half
of tongue.
Basilar Artery - correct answer -Paramedian- wedge of pons in midline
Short circumerential- lateral two thirds of pons and middle and superior cerebellar peduncles
Long circumferential- Superior and anterior inferior cerebellar
Basilar artery syndromes - correct answer -Occlusion of basilar artery-b/l brainstem signs
Occlusion of basilar branch artery- unilateral motor, sensory and cranial nerves
Complete basilar artery occlusion(Locked in state)-b/l long tract(sensory/motor) with cranial
nerve and cerebellar dysfunction- preserved consciousness,quadriplegia and cranial nerve signs
Basilar artery branch-syndrome of anterior inferior cerebellar artery(lateral inferior pontine
syndrome) - correct answer -Anterior inferior cerebellar artery- lateral part of inferior pons and
anterior part of inferior cerebellar hemispheres
Cerebellum-Ataxia of limb and gait
,7th nerve nuclues- Facial weakness
8th nerve nucleus-Deafness, tinnitus, vertigo, nausea, vomiting
Spinothalamic tract-c/l loss of pain and temperature
Basilar artery branch-Syndrome of superior cerebellar artery(Lateral superior pontine
syndrome) - correct answer -Superior cerebellar artery- lateral part of superior pons and
superior surface of cerebellar hemispheres
Superior and middle cerebellar peduncles and superior cerebellar hemisphere-Ataxia of limb
and gait
Vestibular nucleus-dizziness, nausea and vomiting
Spinothalamic tract-c/l loss of pain and temperature
Medial pontine syndromes - correct answer -Caused due to occlusion of paramedian and short
circumferential branches of basilar artery
Corticobulbar and corticospinal-c/l face, arm and leg paralysis
Cerebellar peduncles-ataxia of limb and gait
Thrombotic stroke - correct answer -caused by :
1: thrombus or stenosis (plaque accumulation occurring over time narrowing the lumen in
artery going to brain)
Embolic stroke - correct answer -caused by embolus formed elsewhere usually the heart or
carotids
, Lacunar infarct - correct answer -occlusion of smaller, penetrating arteries
*referred to as "pure motor" or "pure sensory" because an area is so small it only affects motor
or sensory, not both
Hemorrhagic syndromes - correct answer -Putamen or thalmus: contralateral sensorimotor
deficit (proximity to internal capsule)
Pons: early coma(reticular activating system), pinpoint pupils, absent horizontal eye movements
cerebellum: n/v, vertigo, gait ataxia
Intercranial hemorrhage: four main types - correct answer -1 Epidural(EDH)
2: Subdural (SDH)
3: Subarachnoid (SAH)
4: Intraparenchymal (IPH)
Stroke mimics: Metabolic problems - correct answer -Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia
Hepatic encephalopathy
Systemic infection
Hypoglycemia is the most easily detected stroke mimic, because a blood glucose level test is
usually reliable and indicates the presence of low blood sugar. Patients typically respond rapidly
to the administration of a bolus of D50. Although hypoglycemia sometimes presents with
hemiplegia and aphasia, hypoglycemic patients who present with these signs will most often be
