NS 1410 STANDARD EXAMS SHEET 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTION RATED A+
✔✔Chromium deficiency - ✔✔produces glucose intolerance
✔✔Manganese Toxicity - ✔✔impairs the nervous system causing spasms and tremors
mimicking parkinson's disease
✔✔Choline Toxicity - ✔✔from excess supplementation, fish body odor
✔✔Vitamin b6 toxicities - ✔✔Large doses can be dangerous (stored in muscle
✔✔Niacin toxicity - ✔✔Red, flushed face (decreased with aspirin/longterm use),
hyperglycemia (acanthosis nigricans), hyperuricemia (gout exacerbation)
✔✔What increases iron absorption - ✔✔Vitamin C
✔✔What decreases iron absorption - ✔✔Tannins, Phytate, Calcium
✔✔Function of Fluid - ✔✔Solvent for dry ingredients, hydration of gluten, source of
steaming for leavening
✔✔Function of Water - ✔✔-carries nutrients/ waste products through the bod
✔✔Bodys composition - ✔✔Tissue type, Gender, Age
✔✔Factors that affect body fluid composition - ✔✔age, gender, race, obesity, stress,
emotion, medications, race, pain, disease, exercise, position
✔✔Regulation of Blood Volume - ✔✔Appropriate fluid levels is essential for maintaining
healthful blood volume
✔✔Functions of Electrolytes - ✔✔Electrolytes help regulate fluid balance
✔✔Methods of water loss - ✔✔lost through urine, sweat, lungs during exhalation,
exercise, illness, injury, surgery, high altitude, diuretics
✔✔specific function of individual electrolytes - ✔✔dilates afferent arterioles, which
increase glomerular filtration rate; also directly inhibits sodium reabsorption by collecting
ducts; indirectly inhibits aldosterone secretion by inhibiting renin release
✔✔Factors that increase water requirements - ✔✔age, diseases, vomiting, hot weather,
exercise, pregnancy
, ✔✔Regulation of Water balance - ✔✔
✔✔Functions of ADH - ✔✔stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water, reducing urine
✔✔What is the thirst mechanism and what controls it - ✔✔Hypothalamus
✔✔Risk Factors of Dehydration - ✔✔diabetes, adrenal insufficiency, osmotic diuresis,
hemorrhage, coma
✔✔Causes of hypertension and decrease severity - ✔✔Cause 90% - 95% unknown
Decrease severity: Weight loss, increase physical activity,
✔✔Free Radical - ✔✔An atom that has lost an electron and is left with an unpaired
electron
✔✔benefits of antioxidants - ✔✔protects body from free radicals
✔✔Vitamin E - ✔✔Vitamin is a fat soluble vitamin absorbed with dietary fats
✔✔Vitamin C - ✔✔is a water soluble vitamin that must be consumed in the human diet
✔✔Beta- Carotene - ✔✔protect LDLS from oxidation, scavenger free radicals
✔✔Vitamin A - ✔✔anti oxidation protects LDL from oxidation
✔✔Selenium - ✔✔antioxidant that neutralizes peroxide
✔✔What increase RDA for Vitamin C - ✔✔
✔✔What are phytochemicals, benefits and food sources - ✔✔Substances or
compounds in plant-derived foods predominant in fruit with important disease
prevention properties
✔✔Risk Factor for Heat Stroke - ✔✔
✔✔Risk Factor for hypertension - ✔✔Development of atherosclerosis or enhance the
development, embolization, aneurysms
✔✔Risk Factor for cancer - ✔✔tobacco, sun, nutrition, low level of physical activity
✔✔Risk Factor for Cardiovascular - ✔✔smoking, hypertension, high blood levels,
obesity
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTION RATED A+
✔✔Chromium deficiency - ✔✔produces glucose intolerance
✔✔Manganese Toxicity - ✔✔impairs the nervous system causing spasms and tremors
mimicking parkinson's disease
✔✔Choline Toxicity - ✔✔from excess supplementation, fish body odor
✔✔Vitamin b6 toxicities - ✔✔Large doses can be dangerous (stored in muscle
✔✔Niacin toxicity - ✔✔Red, flushed face (decreased with aspirin/longterm use),
hyperglycemia (acanthosis nigricans), hyperuricemia (gout exacerbation)
✔✔What increases iron absorption - ✔✔Vitamin C
✔✔What decreases iron absorption - ✔✔Tannins, Phytate, Calcium
✔✔Function of Fluid - ✔✔Solvent for dry ingredients, hydration of gluten, source of
steaming for leavening
✔✔Function of Water - ✔✔-carries nutrients/ waste products through the bod
✔✔Bodys composition - ✔✔Tissue type, Gender, Age
✔✔Factors that affect body fluid composition - ✔✔age, gender, race, obesity, stress,
emotion, medications, race, pain, disease, exercise, position
✔✔Regulation of Blood Volume - ✔✔Appropriate fluid levels is essential for maintaining
healthful blood volume
✔✔Functions of Electrolytes - ✔✔Electrolytes help regulate fluid balance
✔✔Methods of water loss - ✔✔lost through urine, sweat, lungs during exhalation,
exercise, illness, injury, surgery, high altitude, diuretics
✔✔specific function of individual electrolytes - ✔✔dilates afferent arterioles, which
increase glomerular filtration rate; also directly inhibits sodium reabsorption by collecting
ducts; indirectly inhibits aldosterone secretion by inhibiting renin release
✔✔Factors that increase water requirements - ✔✔age, diseases, vomiting, hot weather,
exercise, pregnancy
, ✔✔Regulation of Water balance - ✔✔
✔✔Functions of ADH - ✔✔stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water, reducing urine
✔✔What is the thirst mechanism and what controls it - ✔✔Hypothalamus
✔✔Risk Factors of Dehydration - ✔✔diabetes, adrenal insufficiency, osmotic diuresis,
hemorrhage, coma
✔✔Causes of hypertension and decrease severity - ✔✔Cause 90% - 95% unknown
Decrease severity: Weight loss, increase physical activity,
✔✔Free Radical - ✔✔An atom that has lost an electron and is left with an unpaired
electron
✔✔benefits of antioxidants - ✔✔protects body from free radicals
✔✔Vitamin E - ✔✔Vitamin is a fat soluble vitamin absorbed with dietary fats
✔✔Vitamin C - ✔✔is a water soluble vitamin that must be consumed in the human diet
✔✔Beta- Carotene - ✔✔protect LDLS from oxidation, scavenger free radicals
✔✔Vitamin A - ✔✔anti oxidation protects LDL from oxidation
✔✔Selenium - ✔✔antioxidant that neutralizes peroxide
✔✔What increase RDA for Vitamin C - ✔✔
✔✔What are phytochemicals, benefits and food sources - ✔✔Substances or
compounds in plant-derived foods predominant in fruit with important disease
prevention properties
✔✔Risk Factor for Heat Stroke - ✔✔
✔✔Risk Factor for hypertension - ✔✔Development of atherosclerosis or enhance the
development, embolization, aneurysms
✔✔Risk Factor for cancer - ✔✔tobacco, sun, nutrition, low level of physical activity
✔✔Risk Factor for Cardiovascular - ✔✔smoking, hypertension, high blood levels,
obesity
