NE 108 Final Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update

NE 108 Final Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update Define Health - Answers a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity Define Illness - Answers a state in which a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired Define health continuum - Answers a sliding scale of your overall state of health Define Disease - Answers a medical condition that causes distress for a person in the form of its symptoms Define health promotion - Answers helps individuals maintain or enhance their resent health; includes activities such as routine exercise and good nutrition Define primary prevention - Answers True prevention that lowers the chances that a disease will develop Health education, good nutrition based developmental stage, provision of adequate housing, recreation and working conditions, marriage counseling, sex education, and genetic screening. Define Secondary prevention - Answers focuses on those who have health problems or illnesses and are at risk or developing complications or worsening conditions Prevention of spreading the disease Define tertiary prevention - Answers occurs when a defect or disability is permanent or irreversible activities are directed at preventing complication and deterioration What are the 5 stages of Illness - Answers Stage 1: Incubation (pathogens enter body and multiply) Stage 2: prodromal (experience non-specific symptoms) Stage 3: Illness (characteristic symptoms) Stage 4: decline (body fights off illnesss) Stage 5: convalescence (recovery and repair) What is the purpose of the nurse in terms of consent? - Answers Nurse witness the signature and reinforce teaching Can only reinforce information if the pt or POA states that they do not understand the procedure the doctor will have to come back in and clarify True or False: The student nurse cannot witness informed consent - Answers True What is the doctors role with consent - Answers gives the informed consent (makes patient or caregiver aware of what procedure the risk and benefits) What are meds given during pre-op - Answers Spinal anesthetics - lidocaine Benzodiazepines - decreases anxiety, diazepam Anticholinergics - decrease oral secretions, glycopyrrolate NSAIDS - treat mild/moderate pain, tordol Serotonin receptor antagonist - suppress nausea, zofran Barbiturates - produce anesthesia, thiopental sodium General anesthetics - produce lack of responsiveness Antibiotics - 30 min before surgical incision to prevent infection, prophylactic (ancef) Antacids - decrease gastric acid, pepcid or protonix What are some pre-op labs that should be taken? - Answers Prothrombin (PT) - time it takes PLASMA to clot, if they are on anticoagulants. 11-12.5 secs (INR) - time it takes plasma to clot. coumadin (warfarin). 0.76-1.27 or 2.0-3.0 anticoagulation therapy Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) - time it takes blood clots to form, clotting factors - heparin. 25 - 35 sec What are some intra-op considerations - Answers pt positing, airway, circulation, breathing, vitals What is the purpose of the time out? - Answers So all members of the OR team participate in the positive identification of the client, identify the correct site, and identify the planned procedure. What are some common post-op complications and how can we help minimize? - Answers pneumonia - incentive spirometer (10/hr) DVT - compressors on legs PE - compressions atelectasis - incentive spirometer hemorrhage What are the different transplant rejections? - Answers Hyperacute: 4-5 hours to 4 days Acute: days to 3 months Chronic: 4 months to 3 years True or False: Chronic pain is a masked form of depression - Answers False: it can cause the illness but isn't a type of depression Define PQRSTU - Answers P = provocation Q = quality R = region and radiation