BIO 93 Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025-2026
What kind of cells does Mitosis & Meiosis produce - Answers Mitosis: Somatic
Meiosis: Gametes (Sex Cells)
What is a cell with two chromosome copies called? - Answers Diploid
What is a cell with one chromosome copies called? - Answers Haploid
Mitosis has how many daughter cells ? - Answers Two Daughter Cells are Identical to parent cell
Meiosis has how many daughter cells? - Answers Four Daughter Cells are different from parent
cell
What are the steps in Interphase? - Answers G1 S G2
What is G1 of Interphase? - Answers Cell growth, Synthesis of cytoplasmic
organelle/macromolecules
What is S of Interphase? - Answers DNA Replication
What is G2 of Interphase? - Answers Continued growth, preparation for cell division
How many phases are in Mitosis? - Answers 5 subphases
What happens in Mitosis - Answers Division of Nucleus and Sister chromatid seperate
What happens in cytokinesis - Answers Division of Cytoplasm, split of genetically identical
daughter cells
What happens G2 of Interphase - Answers Nucleus envelope bounds nucleus centrosomes form
(replication of one centrosome) Chromosomes decondensed
What happens in prophase? - Answers Chromosomes condense, Mitotic spindle forms,
Centrosomes move away from each other
What happens prometaphase? - Answers Nuclear envelope fragments, centrosomes at opposite
poles of cell, Kinteochore microtubles vs non-kinetochore microtubles develop
What happens Metaphase? - Answers Chromosomes line up on metaphse plate, Kinteochores
of sister chromatids are attached to kinteochore microtubles
What happens Anaphase? - Answers Kinetochore microtubles shorten, Chromosomes pulled
apart to opposite end by dynein, cell elongates
What happens Telophase? - Answers Two daughter nuclei form, nuclear envelopes reform,
Chromosomes begin to decondense
, What happens in Cytokinesis? - Answers Cleavage furrow forms, Actin microfilaments interact
with myosin causing ring to contract, cell is pinched to form two separate daughter cells
Drug X inhibits activity of motor proteins. What stage of mitosis is this most likely to effect? -
Answers Anaphase
What cell division reduces Chromosome number? - Answers Meiosis
What is the point of Meiosis I? - Answers Separate Homologous chromosomes
What is the point of Meiosis II? - Answers Separate Sister Chromatids
How is variability generated in Meiosis? - Answers Independent Assortment of Homologous
Chromosomes during Metaphase II produces 8 combinations
When do chromosomes cross over? - Answers Meiosis (prophase I)
When does crossing over occur occur? - Answers Between Non-sister chromatids, Same genes
are switched
What is special about DNA? - Answers Has polarity 5'P end 3'OH end
What is the backbone of DNA consist of ? - Answers covalent phosphodiester bonds
How is DNA synthesized - Answers 5' to 3'
Where are nucleotides added for DNA? - Answers 3' OH end
How is DNA structured? - Answers Purines bind with pyrimidines by Hydrogen bonds
What are the letters for for hydrogen bonding? - Answers A=T G=C
What is the mnemonic for purine and pyrimindes - Answers AnGels are PURE and Tut and
Cleopatra lived w/ the Pyrmaids
How is double stranded DNA? - Answers Anti-parallel from each other
DNA replication purpose of topoiomerase? - Answers Relieves stress ahead of replication by
cutting into backbone, untwisiting and reforming bonds
Dna replication of Helicase? - Answers Breaks Hydrogen bonds "unzips" strands
DNA replication of Primase? - Answers Adds RNA primer
DNA replicatoin of Single-strand binding proteins - Answers Prevent complementary strands
from re-annealing
Lagging strand cycle - Answers Rna primase adds RNA primer DNA polymerase adds
nucelotides to 3'OH end of the RNA primer, RNA primase adds another primer, DNA polymerase
What kind of cells does Mitosis & Meiosis produce - Answers Mitosis: Somatic
Meiosis: Gametes (Sex Cells)
What is a cell with two chromosome copies called? - Answers Diploid
What is a cell with one chromosome copies called? - Answers Haploid
Mitosis has how many daughter cells ? - Answers Two Daughter Cells are Identical to parent cell
Meiosis has how many daughter cells? - Answers Four Daughter Cells are different from parent
cell
What are the steps in Interphase? - Answers G1 S G2
What is G1 of Interphase? - Answers Cell growth, Synthesis of cytoplasmic
organelle/macromolecules
What is S of Interphase? - Answers DNA Replication
What is G2 of Interphase? - Answers Continued growth, preparation for cell division
How many phases are in Mitosis? - Answers 5 subphases
What happens in Mitosis - Answers Division of Nucleus and Sister chromatid seperate
What happens in cytokinesis - Answers Division of Cytoplasm, split of genetically identical
daughter cells
What happens G2 of Interphase - Answers Nucleus envelope bounds nucleus centrosomes form
(replication of one centrosome) Chromosomes decondensed
What happens in prophase? - Answers Chromosomes condense, Mitotic spindle forms,
Centrosomes move away from each other
What happens prometaphase? - Answers Nuclear envelope fragments, centrosomes at opposite
poles of cell, Kinteochore microtubles vs non-kinetochore microtubles develop
What happens Metaphase? - Answers Chromosomes line up on metaphse plate, Kinteochores
of sister chromatids are attached to kinteochore microtubles
What happens Anaphase? - Answers Kinetochore microtubles shorten, Chromosomes pulled
apart to opposite end by dynein, cell elongates
What happens Telophase? - Answers Two daughter nuclei form, nuclear envelopes reform,
Chromosomes begin to decondense
, What happens in Cytokinesis? - Answers Cleavage furrow forms, Actin microfilaments interact
with myosin causing ring to contract, cell is pinched to form two separate daughter cells
Drug X inhibits activity of motor proteins. What stage of mitosis is this most likely to effect? -
Answers Anaphase
What cell division reduces Chromosome number? - Answers Meiosis
What is the point of Meiosis I? - Answers Separate Homologous chromosomes
What is the point of Meiosis II? - Answers Separate Sister Chromatids
How is variability generated in Meiosis? - Answers Independent Assortment of Homologous
Chromosomes during Metaphase II produces 8 combinations
When do chromosomes cross over? - Answers Meiosis (prophase I)
When does crossing over occur occur? - Answers Between Non-sister chromatids, Same genes
are switched
What is special about DNA? - Answers Has polarity 5'P end 3'OH end
What is the backbone of DNA consist of ? - Answers covalent phosphodiester bonds
How is DNA synthesized - Answers 5' to 3'
Where are nucleotides added for DNA? - Answers 3' OH end
How is DNA structured? - Answers Purines bind with pyrimidines by Hydrogen bonds
What are the letters for for hydrogen bonding? - Answers A=T G=C
What is the mnemonic for purine and pyrimindes - Answers AnGels are PURE and Tut and
Cleopatra lived w/ the Pyrmaids
How is double stranded DNA? - Answers Anti-parallel from each other
DNA replication purpose of topoiomerase? - Answers Relieves stress ahead of replication by
cutting into backbone, untwisiting and reforming bonds
Dna replication of Helicase? - Answers Breaks Hydrogen bonds "unzips" strands
DNA replication of Primase? - Answers Adds RNA primer
DNA replicatoin of Single-strand binding proteins - Answers Prevent complementary strands
from re-annealing
Lagging strand cycle - Answers Rna primase adds RNA primer DNA polymerase adds
nucelotides to 3'OH end of the RNA primer, RNA primase adds another primer, DNA polymerase
