PN 2003 final
Insulin. - answer- Pancreatic hormone necessary for the metabolism of glucose.
Insulin independence - answer- ability of client's own naturally produced insulin to
regulate blood glucose levels within consistently normal ranges.
Insulin resistance - answer- decreased sensitivity to insulin at the tissue level
Insulin : type 1 - answerno insulin is produced
Insulin : type 2 - answernot enough insulin
Hypoglycemia - answerlow level of sugar in the blood
Hyperglycemia - answeris an increased level of sugar in the blood
Alzheimer's disease: early stage - answermild impairment, short term memory loss and
depression
Alzheimer's disease: middle stage - answerincreased need for assistance with ADL's
(Activities of daily living and IADL's (instrumental activities of daily living)
Alzheimer's disease - answerLate Stage
24-hour care is required, unable to communicate or look after themselves
What are characteristics of vascular? - answerVascular Dementia is caused by small
cerebral infarctions. Brain damage may be local or systemic, the onset is more rapid,
and the disease progresses more predictably
onset of cognitive deficits associated with stroke
- abrupt onset of signs and symptoms
- infarctions are seen on cerebral imaging
caused by damage to the brain from small infarctions
caused by circulatory problems with insufficient blood flow and oxygen reaching the
brain
Risk factors include
- smoking - vasoconstriction constricts the flow of blood to the brain
- hypertension
- hyperlipidemia - atherosclerosis causes narrowed blood flow to brain
- inactivity
, - history of stoke or cardiovascular disease
What is dementia? - answerDementia is an irreversible, progressive impairment in
cognitive function, affecting
- memory
- orientation
- judgement
- reasoning
- attention span
- language and problem-solving skills
Signs and Symptoms of dementia - answerSigns and Symptoms
- decline in memory, reasoning, and communication
- changes in behavior
- loss of skills (ADL's and IADL's)
- movement difficulties
What is front temporal dementia? - answerDementia is an irreversible, progressive
impairment in cognitive function, affecting
- memory
- orientation
- judgement
- reasoning
- attention span
- language and problem-solving skills
1. Memory Impairment
2. Aphasia: difficulty speaking
3. Apraxia: speech muscle impairment
4. Agnosia: inability to recognize faces, objects, or places
5. Disturbance in executive functioning
Signs and Symptoms
- decline in memory, reasoning, and communication
- changes in behavior
- loss of skills (ADL's and IADL's)
- movement difficulties
Frontal Temporal Dementia is characterized by neuronal atrophy affecting the frontal
lobes of the brain rather neurofibrillary tangles and plaques as seen in Alzheimer's.
- shrinking of the frontal lobes of the brain
Language Abnormalities
- logorrhea: unfocused speech
- echolalia: spontaneous repetition of words/phrases
- palilalia: compulsive repetition of phrases
Insulin. - answer- Pancreatic hormone necessary for the metabolism of glucose.
Insulin independence - answer- ability of client's own naturally produced insulin to
regulate blood glucose levels within consistently normal ranges.
Insulin resistance - answer- decreased sensitivity to insulin at the tissue level
Insulin : type 1 - answerno insulin is produced
Insulin : type 2 - answernot enough insulin
Hypoglycemia - answerlow level of sugar in the blood
Hyperglycemia - answeris an increased level of sugar in the blood
Alzheimer's disease: early stage - answermild impairment, short term memory loss and
depression
Alzheimer's disease: middle stage - answerincreased need for assistance with ADL's
(Activities of daily living and IADL's (instrumental activities of daily living)
Alzheimer's disease - answerLate Stage
24-hour care is required, unable to communicate or look after themselves
What are characteristics of vascular? - answerVascular Dementia is caused by small
cerebral infarctions. Brain damage may be local or systemic, the onset is more rapid,
and the disease progresses more predictably
onset of cognitive deficits associated with stroke
- abrupt onset of signs and symptoms
- infarctions are seen on cerebral imaging
caused by damage to the brain from small infarctions
caused by circulatory problems with insufficient blood flow and oxygen reaching the
brain
Risk factors include
- smoking - vasoconstriction constricts the flow of blood to the brain
- hypertension
- hyperlipidemia - atherosclerosis causes narrowed blood flow to brain
- inactivity
, - history of stoke or cardiovascular disease
What is dementia? - answerDementia is an irreversible, progressive impairment in
cognitive function, affecting
- memory
- orientation
- judgement
- reasoning
- attention span
- language and problem-solving skills
Signs and Symptoms of dementia - answerSigns and Symptoms
- decline in memory, reasoning, and communication
- changes in behavior
- loss of skills (ADL's and IADL's)
- movement difficulties
What is front temporal dementia? - answerDementia is an irreversible, progressive
impairment in cognitive function, affecting
- memory
- orientation
- judgement
- reasoning
- attention span
- language and problem-solving skills
1. Memory Impairment
2. Aphasia: difficulty speaking
3. Apraxia: speech muscle impairment
4. Agnosia: inability to recognize faces, objects, or places
5. Disturbance in executive functioning
Signs and Symptoms
- decline in memory, reasoning, and communication
- changes in behavior
- loss of skills (ADL's and IADL's)
- movement difficulties
Frontal Temporal Dementia is characterized by neuronal atrophy affecting the frontal
lobes of the brain rather neurofibrillary tangles and plaques as seen in Alzheimer's.
- shrinking of the frontal lobes of the brain
Language Abnormalities
- logorrhea: unfocused speech
- echolalia: spontaneous repetition of words/phrases
- palilalia: compulsive repetition of phrases
