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Physics first course

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Notes on the entire syllabus of the subject of physics in the first year of the degree of commercial aircraft pilot and air operations at CESDA

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Uploaded on
October 9, 2025
Number of pages
16
Written in
2023/2024
Type
Class notes
Professor(s)
Toni vallés
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CHAPTER 1
CINEMÁTICA

1.1 Posición y velocidad

Recorrido: magnitud escalar que se mida sobre la trayectoria
Δs = sab + sbc + scd

Desplazamiento: magnitud vectorial que sólo depende es la posición inicial
y la posición final. Es independiente de la trayectoria.
Δx = xd − xa

Δs [m] Δx
vav = = v(t) = lim
Δt [s] Δt


1.2 Aceleración

La aceleración es un VECTOR que aparece cuando la velocidad NO ES
CONSTANTE.

Δv [m /s]
En una gráfica de velocidad - tiempo: a = =
Δt [s]
Δs
En una gráfica de posición - tiempo: = vav
Δt

MRU MRUA
xf = x0 + v0Δt 1
xf = x0 + v0Δt + aΔt 2
2
Δx vf = v0 + aΔt
v=
Δt vf2 = v02 + 2aΔx
NO ACELERACIÓN Δv
a=
Δt

,MRU




MRUA




1.3 Vectores

Escalar: NO tiene dirección (presión, temperatura…)
Vector: SI tiene dirección

La velocidad instantánea mide la velocidad y el rumbo (vector)

Δr ⃗ Δv⃗
v⃗= a ⃗=
Δt Δt

b
|| v ⃗|| = a2 + b2 α = arctg( )
a
| | Δ r ⃗ | | = vector desplazamiento

, 1.4 Movimiento parabólico

El espacio recorrido: curva
El espacio desplazado: Δ x ⃗

Vo ⃗

Vox = V0 ⋅ cosθ Voy⃗
θ
Voy = V0 ⋅ sinθ

Vox ⃗


Vertical Horizontal
1 2 x(t) = x0 + vox ⋅ t
y(t) = y0 + voy ⋅ t + gt
2
vy = voy − gt Vx = Vox
ay = − g ax = 0

El eje horizontal no tiene aceleración
El eje vertical se le aplica la aceleración de la gravedad (9.81)

1.5 Movimiento circular y momentum




Posición Velocidad Velocidad angular Aceleración
1 2 2πr v 2π v2
θ = θ0 + ω0t + αt v= ω= = ac = = rω 2
2 T r T r
ω = ω0 + αt
ω 2 = ω02 + 2α(θ − θ0)

Momentum - p ⃗ = m ⋅ v ⃗
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