Bio 141: exam 1 ch.1-4 |285 Questions and Answers
science - -method of observing and measuring
-anatomy - -study of structure and form
-physiology - -study of function
-cellular composition - -cells basic unit of life, smallest unit that can carry out function
-metabolism - -builds up or breaks down chemicals from food we eat, makes energy
through ATP
-growth - -cells always dying and being replaced, increase size and number, building
outweighs breaking down
-excretion - -eliminates harmful waste products created by metabolic process
-responsiveness - -ability to sense and react to changes
-movement - -ability for an entire organism to move or movement of individual cell
-reproduction - -distinct property in living organism, creates offspring
-chemical level - -smallest level or structural organization
-cellular level - -molecules formed together to form second level
-tissue - -two or more cell types come together to perform a common function, has cells
and extracellular matrix
-organs - -grouped into organ systems
-organism level - -organ systems that function together
-integumentary system - -protects body from external environment, produces vitamin D,
regulates body temp. and retain water
-skeletal system - -support and protection, provides leverage for movement, produces
blood cells, stores calcium salts
-muscular system - -produces movement, generates heat
-nervous system - -regulates body function, immediate response
,-endocrine system - -regulates body functions, muscles, glands, and other tissues
-cardiovascular system - -pumps and delivers blood throughout the body, removes waste
from tissues, transports cells, nutrients, and other substances
-lymphatic system - -returns excess tissue fluid to cardiovascular system, provides
immunity
-respiratory system - -delivers oxygen to blood, removes CO2 from body, maintains acid-
base balance in blood
-digestive system - -digests food, absorbs nutrients into blood, removes food waste,
regulates fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance
-urinary system - -removes metabolic waste from blood, regulates fluid electrolyte, and
acid-base balance, stimulates blood cell production
-reproductive system - -produces/transports sperm/eggs, secretes hormones, sexual
function
-systemic anatomy - -looking at individual organ systems
-regional anatomy - -study different regions of the body
-surface anatomy - -study surface marking
-gross anatomy - -study what can be seen by the unaided eye
-microscopic anatomy - -study what can be seen with microscope
-histology - -study of tissues
-cytology - -study of cells
-neurophysiology - -brain and nerve function
-cardiovascular physiology - -study of how the heart and surround vessels function
-anterior - -front
-posterior - -back
-superior - -towards head
-inferior - -towards tail
, -proximal - -closer to point of origin
-distal - -farther from point of origin
-medial - -closer to midline of body
-lateral - -farther form midline
-superficial - -closer to the surface
-deep - -farther fro the surface
-axial region - -head neck and trunk
-appendicular region - -upper and lower limbs
-sagittal plane - -divides into left and right
-midsagittal - -equal left and right cut
-parasagittal - -unequal left and right cut
-frontal plane - -divides into front and back
-transverse - -horizontal cuts
-oblique - -angle cut, gives better view that other cuts wont
-dorsal body cavity - -cavity on posterior side of body
-cranial cavity - -part of dorsal cavity, houses brain
-vertebral cavity - -cavity that protect the spinal cord
-ventral body cavity - -on anterior side of body
-thoracic cavity - -has pleural cavity, mediastinum, and pericardial cavity
-pleural cavity - -cavity surrounding the lungs
-mediastinum - -between pleural cavities, heart, blood vessels, trachea, esophagus; not in
serous membrane
-pericardial cavity - -in serous membrane, within mediastinum
-abdominopelvic cavity - -houses abdominal and pelvic cavity
science - -method of observing and measuring
-anatomy - -study of structure and form
-physiology - -study of function
-cellular composition - -cells basic unit of life, smallest unit that can carry out function
-metabolism - -builds up or breaks down chemicals from food we eat, makes energy
through ATP
-growth - -cells always dying and being replaced, increase size and number, building
outweighs breaking down
-excretion - -eliminates harmful waste products created by metabolic process
-responsiveness - -ability to sense and react to changes
-movement - -ability for an entire organism to move or movement of individual cell
-reproduction - -distinct property in living organism, creates offspring
-chemical level - -smallest level or structural organization
-cellular level - -molecules formed together to form second level
-tissue - -two or more cell types come together to perform a common function, has cells
and extracellular matrix
-organs - -grouped into organ systems
-organism level - -organ systems that function together
-integumentary system - -protects body from external environment, produces vitamin D,
regulates body temp. and retain water
-skeletal system - -support and protection, provides leverage for movement, produces
blood cells, stores calcium salts
-muscular system - -produces movement, generates heat
-nervous system - -regulates body function, immediate response
,-endocrine system - -regulates body functions, muscles, glands, and other tissues
-cardiovascular system - -pumps and delivers blood throughout the body, removes waste
from tissues, transports cells, nutrients, and other substances
-lymphatic system - -returns excess tissue fluid to cardiovascular system, provides
immunity
-respiratory system - -delivers oxygen to blood, removes CO2 from body, maintains acid-
base balance in blood
-digestive system - -digests food, absorbs nutrients into blood, removes food waste,
regulates fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance
-urinary system - -removes metabolic waste from blood, regulates fluid electrolyte, and
acid-base balance, stimulates blood cell production
-reproductive system - -produces/transports sperm/eggs, secretes hormones, sexual
function
-systemic anatomy - -looking at individual organ systems
-regional anatomy - -study different regions of the body
-surface anatomy - -study surface marking
-gross anatomy - -study what can be seen by the unaided eye
-microscopic anatomy - -study what can be seen with microscope
-histology - -study of tissues
-cytology - -study of cells
-neurophysiology - -brain and nerve function
-cardiovascular physiology - -study of how the heart and surround vessels function
-anterior - -front
-posterior - -back
-superior - -towards head
-inferior - -towards tail
, -proximal - -closer to point of origin
-distal - -farther from point of origin
-medial - -closer to midline of body
-lateral - -farther form midline
-superficial - -closer to the surface
-deep - -farther fro the surface
-axial region - -head neck and trunk
-appendicular region - -upper and lower limbs
-sagittal plane - -divides into left and right
-midsagittal - -equal left and right cut
-parasagittal - -unequal left and right cut
-frontal plane - -divides into front and back
-transverse - -horizontal cuts
-oblique - -angle cut, gives better view that other cuts wont
-dorsal body cavity - -cavity on posterior side of body
-cranial cavity - -part of dorsal cavity, houses brain
-vertebral cavity - -cavity that protect the spinal cord
-ventral body cavity - -on anterior side of body
-thoracic cavity - -has pleural cavity, mediastinum, and pericardial cavity
-pleural cavity - -cavity surrounding the lungs
-mediastinum - -between pleural cavities, heart, blood vessels, trachea, esophagus; not in
serous membrane
-pericardial cavity - -in serous membrane, within mediastinum
-abdominopelvic cavity - -houses abdominal and pelvic cavity
