Bio 141 (NAS2) Entrance exam study guide
Questions and Answers
Rough ER - -process, modify, and package proteins.
think of it as the post office, and going there is always "rough"
-Cytoskeleton - -provides structure to the cell
same way our skeleton provides structure for the body
-nucleus - -contains dna
self explanatory
-ribosomes - -synthesize proteins
protein = ribs (meat)
-mitochondria - -synthesizes atp
tbh idk what atp is but --> my toe hurts atp (at this point)
-peroxisomes - -chemical detox
peROXide = deTOX
-Smooth ER - -Makes lipids
lipids = oils and oils make ur skin smooth
-lysosome - -contains enzymes for digesting unwanted cellular components
lysoSOme = comPOnents
-Flagella - -moves a cell
sperm moves, the tails are called flagella
-microvilli - -increases cell surface for absorption and secretion
ur just gonna have to remember this one idk what to relate it to srry
-cilia - -moves substances past a cell
this is in the vag- helps w our periods (pushing down)/getting preg (pushing up)
-gap junctions - -creates pore between 2 cells allowing signals to pass
gap = space between
-tight junctions - -connects cells tightly
self explanatory
-desmosomes - -strong connection linking cells at one point
desmos keeps us linked
, -what is true of mitosis? - -results in 2 genetically identical cells
miTOsis = 2 identical (think twins- tosis=twins)
-what is true of meiosis? - -4 cells with half the genetic material
idk how to help w this one either lol srry just think
sandwich = sis (imagine u cut it up in 4ths)
-where does transcription occur? - -nucleus
grandmas house (nucleus) has a cookie recipe. u cannot take recipe out. however, u can
copy it down and take ur copy with u. u now have the recipe too!
transcribing = transcription
-where does translation occur? - -ribosomes
this is u actually baking the cookies from grandmas copy of the recipe.
translation = actually doing it
-what is the product of transcription? - -mRNA
this is the recipe
-what is the product of translation? - -protein
these are the cookies
-How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? - -23
i feel like u should know that one by now
-chromosomes are composed of? - -DNA
obviously
-diff versions of genes are known as? - -alleles
this word is weird in general so just think different bc its a different word anyways (if that
makes sense idk)
-expressed characteristic of a gene? - -phenotype
think of it as u have ur own phone and its probably similar to other ppls but its yours so its
specific to you (apps, contacts, etc.) brown eyes vs blue eyes
-What is a heterozygous genotype? - -Aa
hetero = different
-when genes are different which one is expressed? - -dominant allele
survival of the fittest oops
-Assuming dimples (D) are dominant to no dimples (d) allele, which genotypes would NOT
have dimples? - -dd
its recessive therefore its the smaller letters
Questions and Answers
Rough ER - -process, modify, and package proteins.
think of it as the post office, and going there is always "rough"
-Cytoskeleton - -provides structure to the cell
same way our skeleton provides structure for the body
-nucleus - -contains dna
self explanatory
-ribosomes - -synthesize proteins
protein = ribs (meat)
-mitochondria - -synthesizes atp
tbh idk what atp is but --> my toe hurts atp (at this point)
-peroxisomes - -chemical detox
peROXide = deTOX
-Smooth ER - -Makes lipids
lipids = oils and oils make ur skin smooth
-lysosome - -contains enzymes for digesting unwanted cellular components
lysoSOme = comPOnents
-Flagella - -moves a cell
sperm moves, the tails are called flagella
-microvilli - -increases cell surface for absorption and secretion
ur just gonna have to remember this one idk what to relate it to srry
-cilia - -moves substances past a cell
this is in the vag- helps w our periods (pushing down)/getting preg (pushing up)
-gap junctions - -creates pore between 2 cells allowing signals to pass
gap = space between
-tight junctions - -connects cells tightly
self explanatory
-desmosomes - -strong connection linking cells at one point
desmos keeps us linked
, -what is true of mitosis? - -results in 2 genetically identical cells
miTOsis = 2 identical (think twins- tosis=twins)
-what is true of meiosis? - -4 cells with half the genetic material
idk how to help w this one either lol srry just think
sandwich = sis (imagine u cut it up in 4ths)
-where does transcription occur? - -nucleus
grandmas house (nucleus) has a cookie recipe. u cannot take recipe out. however, u can
copy it down and take ur copy with u. u now have the recipe too!
transcribing = transcription
-where does translation occur? - -ribosomes
this is u actually baking the cookies from grandmas copy of the recipe.
translation = actually doing it
-what is the product of transcription? - -mRNA
this is the recipe
-what is the product of translation? - -protein
these are the cookies
-How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? - -23
i feel like u should know that one by now
-chromosomes are composed of? - -DNA
obviously
-diff versions of genes are known as? - -alleles
this word is weird in general so just think different bc its a different word anyways (if that
makes sense idk)
-expressed characteristic of a gene? - -phenotype
think of it as u have ur own phone and its probably similar to other ppls but its yours so its
specific to you (apps, contacts, etc.) brown eyes vs blue eyes
-What is a heterozygous genotype? - -Aa
hetero = different
-when genes are different which one is expressed? - -dominant allele
survival of the fittest oops
-Assuming dimples (D) are dominant to no dimples (d) allele, which genotypes would NOT
have dimples? - -dd
its recessive therefore its the smaller letters
