Bio 141 Exam 1 |44 Questions with Answers
homeostasis - -body's ability to maintain a constant environment
-negative feedback loop - -body senses change and reacts to negate or reverse the
condition, like a thermostat
-positive feedback loop - -Self-amplifying cycle in which an INITIAL change leads to a
greater change and is used to cause rapid change in the body, like childbirth
-hierarchy of organization - -The body is organized into interacting organ systems. Organ
systems start with molecules that make up cells that make up tissues that make up organs.
-gene expression - -Nucleotides are arranged into genes in our genome
Transcription = Make a working copy of the gene (RNA)
Translation = Translate the nucleotides to amino acids
This process is regulated to produce necessary proteins for physiological processes like
maintaining homeostasis
-diffusion - -Spontaneous movement of particles from high to low concentration
Depends on CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
Particles move down the concentration gradient (from high to low)
-transcription - -Make a working copy of the gene (RNA) - occurs in the nucleus
-active transport - -Use energy - proteins involved with active transport are typically
called "pumps" - pumps require ATP hydrolysis to function - pumps move solutes UP a
concentration gradient
-passive transport - -Does not require energy
-translation - -Translate the nucleotides to amino acids, occurs with ribosomes in/on E.R.
-carrier-mediated transport - -Facilitated diffusion
-Carrier proteins move solutes down concentration gradient
-Solute must bind carrier protein
-Change of protein shape moves solute across membrane
-osmosis - -Diffusion of water across a membrane - diffuses from where ITS concentration
is HIGH (dilute solute) to where ITS concentration is low (concentrated solute)
-channel protein (leak vs. gated) - -Some channels proteins are open all the time (Leak
channels)
Some channels proteins are only open at certain times (Gated channels)
homeostasis - -body's ability to maintain a constant environment
-negative feedback loop - -body senses change and reacts to negate or reverse the
condition, like a thermostat
-positive feedback loop - -Self-amplifying cycle in which an INITIAL change leads to a
greater change and is used to cause rapid change in the body, like childbirth
-hierarchy of organization - -The body is organized into interacting organ systems. Organ
systems start with molecules that make up cells that make up tissues that make up organs.
-gene expression - -Nucleotides are arranged into genes in our genome
Transcription = Make a working copy of the gene (RNA)
Translation = Translate the nucleotides to amino acids
This process is regulated to produce necessary proteins for physiological processes like
maintaining homeostasis
-diffusion - -Spontaneous movement of particles from high to low concentration
Depends on CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
Particles move down the concentration gradient (from high to low)
-transcription - -Make a working copy of the gene (RNA) - occurs in the nucleus
-active transport - -Use energy - proteins involved with active transport are typically
called "pumps" - pumps require ATP hydrolysis to function - pumps move solutes UP a
concentration gradient
-passive transport - -Does not require energy
-translation - -Translate the nucleotides to amino acids, occurs with ribosomes in/on E.R.
-carrier-mediated transport - -Facilitated diffusion
-Carrier proteins move solutes down concentration gradient
-Solute must bind carrier protein
-Change of protein shape moves solute across membrane
-osmosis - -Diffusion of water across a membrane - diffuses from where ITS concentration
is HIGH (dilute solute) to where ITS concentration is low (concentrated solute)
-channel protein (leak vs. gated) - -Some channels proteins are open all the time (Leak
channels)
Some channels proteins are only open at certain times (Gated channels)
