Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century – 16th Edition (Frank Schmalleger) | Test Bank | Chapters 1–18 | Complete Exam Resource

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TEST BANK
Criminal Justice Today, 16e (Schmalleger)
Chapter 1 What Is Criminal Justice?
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1.1 Multiple Choice


1) Social is a condition said to exist when a group is faced with social change,
uneven development of culture, maladaptiveness, disharmony, conflict, and lack of
consensus.
A) order
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B) chaos
C) organization
D) disorganization
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Answer: D
Page Ref: 4
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system.
Level: Basic
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2) rights are guaranteed to all members of American society by the U.S. Constitution
and are particularly important to criminal defendants facing formal processing by the
criminal justice system.
A) Social
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B) Group
C) Individual
D) Public order
Answer: C
Page Ref: 4
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
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American criminal justice system.
Level: Basic

3) Who created a cabinet-level "drug czar" position to coordinate the "war on drugs"?
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A) Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor
B) President Ronald Reagan
C) Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas
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D) President George H. W. Bush
Answer: B
Page Ref: 5
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system.
Level: Basic
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4) In the 1990s, the perception that crime rates were increasing and that offenders were not
being punished resulted in an increased focus on .
A) social justice
B) individual accountability
C) due process
D) the consensus model
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Answer: B
Page Ref: 6
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system.
Level: Intermediate
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5) Currently, we are seeing a decline in which types of crime?
A) Mass shootings
B) Internet-based crimes
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C) Traditional crimes
D) Inner-city murders
Answer: C
Page Ref: 6-7
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system.
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Level: Intermediate

6) A person who believes that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to public
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safety, the interests of society should take precedence over individual rights is a(n)
advocate.
A) social justice
B) public-order
C) individual-rights
D) civil justice
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Answer: B
Page Ref: 9
Objective: Describe the public-order (crime control) and individual-rights (due process)
perspectives of criminal justice, concluding with how the criminal justice system balances
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the two perspectives.
Level: Basic
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7) is an ideal that embraces all aspects of civilized life and is linked to fundamental
notions of fairness and cultural beliefs about right and wrong.
A) Public-order advocacy
B) Individual-rights advocacy
C) Social justice
D) Civil justice
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Answer: C
Page Ref: 10
Objective: Explain the relationship of criminal justice to general concepts of equity and
fairness.
Level: Basic
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8) Which model best assumes that the system’s components work together harmoniously to
achieve justice?
A) The due process model
B) The conflict model
C) The individual rights model
D) The consensus model
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Answer: D
Page Ref: 13
Objective: Describe the American criminal justice system in terms of its three major
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components and their respective functions.
Level: Intermediate

9) The idea of a criminal justice nonsystem, in which different criminal justice agencies focus
more on performance measures than on justice, is the basis of the model.
A) conflict
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B) due process
C) consensus
D) social justice
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Answer: A
Page Ref: 14
Objective: Describe the American criminal justice system in terms of its three major
components and their respective functions.
Level: Basic
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10) A(n) issued by a judge provides the legal basis for an apprehension of suspects by
police.
A) warrant
B) indictment
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C) arraignment
D) hearing
Answer: A
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Page Ref: 15
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of
criminal case processing.
Level: Basic



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