COM 300 EXAM 3 WITH ALL CORRECT & 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS|ACTUAL COMPLETE EXAM|
ALREADY GRADED A+
Inferential Statistics ✔Correct Answer-Using sample information to determine if there is a
relationship in the population.
Descriptive Statistics ✔Correct Answer-Aiming to summarize a sample and observations made.
Ex. The shooting % in basketball.
Sampling Error ✔Correct Answer--Error in a statistical arising from the unrepresentativeness of the
sample taken.
-When relying on random samples to draw conclusions about populations, there is a certain degree
of sampling error.
Probability ✔Correct Answer--The likelihood that an event occurs.
-Ranges between 0 (won't occur) and 1 (will occur).
4 Steps of Hypothesis Testing ✔Correct Answer-1.) State the null and alternative hypothesis.
2.) Set the level of significance.
3.) Collect data and calculate test statistics.
4.) Make a decision by comparing calculated and critical values.
1.) a. State the Alternative Hypothesis ✔Correct Answer-Prediction that there is a relationship.
Ex. Males and females differ in their willingness to communicate.
1.) b. State the Null Hypothesis ✔Correct Answer-The prediction that there is no relationship, or no
difference between the relevant groups.
Ex. There is no difference between males and females in their willingness to communicate.
Why test the null hypothesis? ✔Correct Answer--Science starts from the assumption of no real
relationship.
-Science is based on the principle of falsification.
2.) Set the level of significance ✔Correct Answer--Level of significance is called ALPHA.
-ALPHA is a threshold.
-ALPHA is set at .05.
3.) Collect data and calculate test statistics ✔Correct Answer-Test statistics will differ for the type
of data (Chi Squared/T-Test...).
, 4.) Make a decision by comparing calculated and critical values. ✔Correct Answer--If a calculated
test statistic (degree of freedom) is more extreme than the critical value, reject the null.
-If P-Value is less than Alpha, reject the null.
P-Value ✔Correct Answer--The probability of observing a test statistic as extreme as the one
observed or more IF THE NULL IS ACTUALLY TRUE.
-NOT the probability that the null hypothesis is true.
-The risk that there is no actual difference or relationship.
-If P-Value is less than Alpha, reject the null.
One Tailed Hypothesis Test ✔Correct Answer--Values in the alternative hypothesis are above the
null value or below the null value only.
-Ex. is the proportion of smokers at MSU greater than .2?
-Used when the direction IS specified.
-Ex. Men like football more than women.
-Allows you to determine if one mean is greater or less than another mean, but not both.
Two Tailed Hypothesis Test ✔Correct Answer--Values above and below the null value are included.
-Ex. does the proportion of smokers at MSU differ from .2?
-Used when the direction is NOT specified.
-Allows you to determine if two means are different from one another.
-Ex. Men and women differ in how much they like football.
Type I Errors ✔Correct Answer--When we reject the null, but it is true (there really is no
relationship).
-Finding a relationship that isn't there.
-"False Positive"
-THIS IS
WORSE/MORE SERIOUS.
Type II Errors ✔Correct Answer--The null is not rejected, but the null is false (there really is a
relationship).
-"False Negative"
VERIFIED ANSWERS|ACTUAL COMPLETE EXAM|
ALREADY GRADED A+
Inferential Statistics ✔Correct Answer-Using sample information to determine if there is a
relationship in the population.
Descriptive Statistics ✔Correct Answer-Aiming to summarize a sample and observations made.
Ex. The shooting % in basketball.
Sampling Error ✔Correct Answer--Error in a statistical arising from the unrepresentativeness of the
sample taken.
-When relying on random samples to draw conclusions about populations, there is a certain degree
of sampling error.
Probability ✔Correct Answer--The likelihood that an event occurs.
-Ranges between 0 (won't occur) and 1 (will occur).
4 Steps of Hypothesis Testing ✔Correct Answer-1.) State the null and alternative hypothesis.
2.) Set the level of significance.
3.) Collect data and calculate test statistics.
4.) Make a decision by comparing calculated and critical values.
1.) a. State the Alternative Hypothesis ✔Correct Answer-Prediction that there is a relationship.
Ex. Males and females differ in their willingness to communicate.
1.) b. State the Null Hypothesis ✔Correct Answer-The prediction that there is no relationship, or no
difference between the relevant groups.
Ex. There is no difference between males and females in their willingness to communicate.
Why test the null hypothesis? ✔Correct Answer--Science starts from the assumption of no real
relationship.
-Science is based on the principle of falsification.
2.) Set the level of significance ✔Correct Answer--Level of significance is called ALPHA.
-ALPHA is a threshold.
-ALPHA is set at .05.
3.) Collect data and calculate test statistics ✔Correct Answer-Test statistics will differ for the type
of data (Chi Squared/T-Test...).
, 4.) Make a decision by comparing calculated and critical values. ✔Correct Answer--If a calculated
test statistic (degree of freedom) is more extreme than the critical value, reject the null.
-If P-Value is less than Alpha, reject the null.
P-Value ✔Correct Answer--The probability of observing a test statistic as extreme as the one
observed or more IF THE NULL IS ACTUALLY TRUE.
-NOT the probability that the null hypothesis is true.
-The risk that there is no actual difference or relationship.
-If P-Value is less than Alpha, reject the null.
One Tailed Hypothesis Test ✔Correct Answer--Values in the alternative hypothesis are above the
null value or below the null value only.
-Ex. is the proportion of smokers at MSU greater than .2?
-Used when the direction IS specified.
-Ex. Men like football more than women.
-Allows you to determine if one mean is greater or less than another mean, but not both.
Two Tailed Hypothesis Test ✔Correct Answer--Values above and below the null value are included.
-Ex. does the proportion of smokers at MSU differ from .2?
-Used when the direction is NOT specified.
-Allows you to determine if two means are different from one another.
-Ex. Men and women differ in how much they like football.
Type I Errors ✔Correct Answer--When we reject the null, but it is true (there really is no
relationship).
-Finding a relationship that isn't there.
-"False Positive"
-THIS IS
WORSE/MORE SERIOUS.
Type II Errors ✔Correct Answer--The null is not rejected, but the null is false (there really is a
relationship).
-"False Negative"
