CSUF Patho Exam 1 Questions and
Already Passed Answers 2025-2026.
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) - Answer -the most abundant class of antibodies (80-85%)
-found in blood serum and lymph
-active against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and foreign particles (all infection)
-Transported across placenta
Four classes:
IgG-1
IgG-2
IgG-3
IgG-4
Immunoglobulin IgA - Answer -an antibody that inhibits bacterial growth
Two classes:
IgA molecules are found predominantly in the blood
IgA-2 (secretory IgA) molecules are found predominantly in bodily secretions (most important)
Immunoglobulin IgM - Answer largest antibody
Pentamer stabilized by a J chain
First antibody produced during the primary response to an antigen
Synthesized early in neonatal life
Immunoglobulin IgE - Answer Hypersensitivity/release of histamine
Least concentrated of the immunoglobulin classes in the circulation
Mediator of many common allergic responses
Defender against parasites
Function
Provides protection from large parasites
Initiates an inflammatory reaction to attract eosinophils
When produced against innocuous environmental antigens, they are a common cause of
, active immunity vs passive immunity - Answer Active Immunity:
When the body mounts an immune response
Ex. Immunization or actual disease where B-Cells are involved.
Passive Immunity:
Transfer of plasma with pre-formed antibodies against an antigen from immunized or immune
person.
Modes:
Maternal - IgG - via placenta to fetus
- IgA via breastmilk & colostrum
Direct injection of immunoglobulin - lasts up to 6 months.
mast cells and basophils - Answer Mast cells are cellular bags of granules located in the loose
connective tissues close to blood vessels
Skin, digestive lining, and respiratory tract
Contain histamine, cytokines, and chemotaxic factors
Basophils are found in blood and probably function in same way as mast cells
Chemical release in two ways
Degranulation•The release of the contents of mast cell granules
Synthesis•prostaglandins
Mast cells and basophils function - Answer release histamine
Histamine - Answer Receptors:
H1 receptor
•Proinflammatory
•Present in smooth muscle cells of the bronchi
H2 receptor•Anti-inflammatory•Present on parietal cells of the stomach mucosa
Induces the secretion of gastric acid
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) - Answer Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response
Already Passed Answers 2025-2026.
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) - Answer -the most abundant class of antibodies (80-85%)
-found in blood serum and lymph
-active against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and foreign particles (all infection)
-Transported across placenta
Four classes:
IgG-1
IgG-2
IgG-3
IgG-4
Immunoglobulin IgA - Answer -an antibody that inhibits bacterial growth
Two classes:
IgA molecules are found predominantly in the blood
IgA-2 (secretory IgA) molecules are found predominantly in bodily secretions (most important)
Immunoglobulin IgM - Answer largest antibody
Pentamer stabilized by a J chain
First antibody produced during the primary response to an antigen
Synthesized early in neonatal life
Immunoglobulin IgE - Answer Hypersensitivity/release of histamine
Least concentrated of the immunoglobulin classes in the circulation
Mediator of many common allergic responses
Defender against parasites
Function
Provides protection from large parasites
Initiates an inflammatory reaction to attract eosinophils
When produced against innocuous environmental antigens, they are a common cause of
, active immunity vs passive immunity - Answer Active Immunity:
When the body mounts an immune response
Ex. Immunization or actual disease where B-Cells are involved.
Passive Immunity:
Transfer of plasma with pre-formed antibodies against an antigen from immunized or immune
person.
Modes:
Maternal - IgG - via placenta to fetus
- IgA via breastmilk & colostrum
Direct injection of immunoglobulin - lasts up to 6 months.
mast cells and basophils - Answer Mast cells are cellular bags of granules located in the loose
connective tissues close to blood vessels
Skin, digestive lining, and respiratory tract
Contain histamine, cytokines, and chemotaxic factors
Basophils are found in blood and probably function in same way as mast cells
Chemical release in two ways
Degranulation•The release of the contents of mast cell granules
Synthesis•prostaglandins
Mast cells and basophils function - Answer release histamine
Histamine - Answer Receptors:
H1 receptor
•Proinflammatory
•Present in smooth muscle cells of the bronchi
H2 receptor•Anti-inflammatory•Present on parietal cells of the stomach mucosa
Induces the secretion of gastric acid
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) - Answer Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response
