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ARDMS PEDIATRIC BOARD FINAL EXAM
REVIEW 2025/2026 |QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | A+ GRADED
choledochal cyst
fusiform dilation of the CBD is indication for what diagnosis
5 types of choledochal cysts
1. Fusiform dilation of CBD (most common)
2. One or more diverticula of CBD
3. Dilation of intraduodenal portion of CBD (choledochocele)
4. Dilation of intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts
5. Caroli's disease with dilation of intrahepatic ducts
two ligaments that hold the spleen into position
Gasteosplenic ligamentum
Splenorenal ligament
how many parathyroid glands are there
4 - two pairs
where do ventriculoperitoneal shunts travel from and to
lateral ventricle to peritoneal cavity
what is an ultrasound finding of tuberous sclerosis
angiomyolipomas
what is tuberous sclerosis
multi system disease, cystic kidneys with echogenic foci, angiomyolipomas, cardiac
rhabdomyomas, nervous system lesions
what lab value indicated neuroblastoma
urine catecholamine
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what is anisotrophy
artifact seen in MSK and tendons when the US beam hits at an oblique angle
what is the LADD procedure
corrects mal rotation
enlarged echogenic kidneys with microcysts are a finding of what
ARPDK
what diagnosis may cause pulmonary and cardiac anomalies like bilateral superior vena
cava
polysplenia
what does the pancreas form from
the ventral and dorsal buds of the foregut
what is the ultrasound appearance of theca lutein cysts
large, increased HCG, "spoke-wheel"
hydrocolops
fluid accumulation within vagina
hematocolops
blood accumulation in the vagina
hematometrocolops
blood in uterus and vagina
hematometra
blood in uterus
what diagnosis may cause intraventriuclar splaying
arnold - chiari 2
what are ultrasound findings of Arnold-Chiari II
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displacement of cerebellum and brainstem, batwing "splaying" of frontal horns, corpus
callosum agenesis, colpocephaly
Colpocephaly
the abnormal lateral ventricle shape in which there is a small frontal horn and enlarged
occipital horn - absent corpus callosum
Cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder, increase WBC
clinical findings of cholecystitis
RUQ pain, fever, jaundice, positive murphys sign
main testicular artery
supplies the testicle and epididymis
how many liver segments are there
8
2-4 in LT lobe
5-8 in RT lobe
RT adrenal location
lateral to diaphragmatic crus
post to IVC
med to RT liver lobe
LT adrenal location
lat to AO
med to spleen
post to splenic vessels
Renal artery stenosis signs and symtoms
HTN, bright small kidneys, bi directional flow, increased peak systolic
renal artery thrombosis
diabetic mothers, septic infants
, Page |4
renal vein thrombosis
increased kidney size, loss of differentiation
*diastolic reversal flow in RA
renal transplant rejection
RI > .7
enlarged, bright kidneys
stenosis in MRA - tardus parvus
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
caused by deficiency of enzymes that produce hormones
enlarged adrenal glands
ambiguous genitalia
cystic teratoma /dermoid cyst
all three germ cell layers
echogenic hair cause linear interfaces
"tip of the iceberg" or "dermoid mesh"
3 spinal cord development processes
1. neuralization - prox spinal cord
2. canalization - caudal cell mass forms
3. retrogressive- conus, filum, and ventriculus terminalis
disjunction
neural tube separates from cutaneous ectoderm
absence of disjunction
causes myelocele and myeiomeningoceles
partial disjunction
dorsal dermis sinus formed
premature disjunction
causes lipomas and lipomeningoceles
ARDMS PEDIATRIC BOARD FINAL EXAM
REVIEW 2025/2026 |QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | A+ GRADED
choledochal cyst
fusiform dilation of the CBD is indication for what diagnosis
5 types of choledochal cysts
1. Fusiform dilation of CBD (most common)
2. One or more diverticula of CBD
3. Dilation of intraduodenal portion of CBD (choledochocele)
4. Dilation of intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts
5. Caroli's disease with dilation of intrahepatic ducts
two ligaments that hold the spleen into position
Gasteosplenic ligamentum
Splenorenal ligament
how many parathyroid glands are there
4 - two pairs
where do ventriculoperitoneal shunts travel from and to
lateral ventricle to peritoneal cavity
what is an ultrasound finding of tuberous sclerosis
angiomyolipomas
what is tuberous sclerosis
multi system disease, cystic kidneys with echogenic foci, angiomyolipomas, cardiac
rhabdomyomas, nervous system lesions
what lab value indicated neuroblastoma
urine catecholamine
, Page |2
what is anisotrophy
artifact seen in MSK and tendons when the US beam hits at an oblique angle
what is the LADD procedure
corrects mal rotation
enlarged echogenic kidneys with microcysts are a finding of what
ARPDK
what diagnosis may cause pulmonary and cardiac anomalies like bilateral superior vena
cava
polysplenia
what does the pancreas form from
the ventral and dorsal buds of the foregut
what is the ultrasound appearance of theca lutein cysts
large, increased HCG, "spoke-wheel"
hydrocolops
fluid accumulation within vagina
hematocolops
blood accumulation in the vagina
hematometrocolops
blood in uterus and vagina
hematometra
blood in uterus
what diagnosis may cause intraventriuclar splaying
arnold - chiari 2
what are ultrasound findings of Arnold-Chiari II
, Page |3
displacement of cerebellum and brainstem, batwing "splaying" of frontal horns, corpus
callosum agenesis, colpocephaly
Colpocephaly
the abnormal lateral ventricle shape in which there is a small frontal horn and enlarged
occipital horn - absent corpus callosum
Cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder, increase WBC
clinical findings of cholecystitis
RUQ pain, fever, jaundice, positive murphys sign
main testicular artery
supplies the testicle and epididymis
how many liver segments are there
8
2-4 in LT lobe
5-8 in RT lobe
RT adrenal location
lateral to diaphragmatic crus
post to IVC
med to RT liver lobe
LT adrenal location
lat to AO
med to spleen
post to splenic vessels
Renal artery stenosis signs and symtoms
HTN, bright small kidneys, bi directional flow, increased peak systolic
renal artery thrombosis
diabetic mothers, septic infants
, Page |4
renal vein thrombosis
increased kidney size, loss of differentiation
*diastolic reversal flow in RA
renal transplant rejection
RI > .7
enlarged, bright kidneys
stenosis in MRA - tardus parvus
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
caused by deficiency of enzymes that produce hormones
enlarged adrenal glands
ambiguous genitalia
cystic teratoma /dermoid cyst
all three germ cell layers
echogenic hair cause linear interfaces
"tip of the iceberg" or "dermoid mesh"
3 spinal cord development processes
1. neuralization - prox spinal cord
2. canalization - caudal cell mass forms
3. retrogressive- conus, filum, and ventriculus terminalis
disjunction
neural tube separates from cutaneous ectoderm
absence of disjunction
causes myelocele and myeiomeningoceles
partial disjunction
dorsal dermis sinus formed
premature disjunction
causes lipomas and lipomeningoceles
