Sociology 100 Final Exam
Comprehensive Questions with
Verified Answers Graded A+
Deviance - Answer: a behavior violating the norms of standards of a group, society, or one's
peers
social constructionism of deviance - Answer: each society or culture creates rules of behavior by
which its members are governed and of necessity controlled
Anomie Strain - Answer: developed by ROBERT MERTON, a theoretical approach to
understanding deviance that states that society encourages deviance by emphasizing the
importance of cultural goals, ex. conformity: college student, innovation: drug dealer, ritualism:
business men, retreatism: hippies, rebellion: Malcom X (are legitimate means of reaching goals
equally available? no, so some groups will use illegitimate means to reach them)
Conflict Theory - Answer: theoretical approach to understanding deviance that states when
social control mechanisms are absent, individuals slide into deviance
Social Bonds Theory - Answer: theoretical approach to understanding deviance that states that
those with stronger bonds are more likely to resist temptation (4 bonds: attachment,
commitment, involvement, shared belief)
Labeling Theory - Answer: theoretical approach to understanding deviance that states that any
act becomes deviant only when labeled deviant by others
, stratification - Answer: the structure of social inequality in a society (ex. the distribution of
wealth, status, and power among people occupying different social statuses)
How Americans view stratification - Answer: Underestimated inequality, inequality has
increased in the last 30 years
traditional class system - Answer: ascribed social statuses (caste system)
modern class system - Answer: achieved social statuses (class system)
Trends in wealth/income inequality - Answer: huge inequality in income, but even more in
wealth, the rate of growth has changed
Marx - Answer: Which sociologist(s) believed that there were two classes: proletariat and
bourgeoisie?
Wright - Answer: Which sociologist(s) believed that there were four classes: capitalists, petty
bourgeoisie, managers, and workers?
Gilbert and Kahl - Answer: Which sociologist(s) believed that there were six classes: capitalist
class, upper middle class, middle class, working class, working poor, and underclass?
horizontal mobility - Answer: individuals change roles but experience no change in social
standing
vertical mobility - Answer: significant increase of decrease in social standing
intergenerational mobility - Answer: children's mobility in relation to their parents
Comprehensive Questions with
Verified Answers Graded A+
Deviance - Answer: a behavior violating the norms of standards of a group, society, or one's
peers
social constructionism of deviance - Answer: each society or culture creates rules of behavior by
which its members are governed and of necessity controlled
Anomie Strain - Answer: developed by ROBERT MERTON, a theoretical approach to
understanding deviance that states that society encourages deviance by emphasizing the
importance of cultural goals, ex. conformity: college student, innovation: drug dealer, ritualism:
business men, retreatism: hippies, rebellion: Malcom X (are legitimate means of reaching goals
equally available? no, so some groups will use illegitimate means to reach them)
Conflict Theory - Answer: theoretical approach to understanding deviance that states when
social control mechanisms are absent, individuals slide into deviance
Social Bonds Theory - Answer: theoretical approach to understanding deviance that states that
those with stronger bonds are more likely to resist temptation (4 bonds: attachment,
commitment, involvement, shared belief)
Labeling Theory - Answer: theoretical approach to understanding deviance that states that any
act becomes deviant only when labeled deviant by others
, stratification - Answer: the structure of social inequality in a society (ex. the distribution of
wealth, status, and power among people occupying different social statuses)
How Americans view stratification - Answer: Underestimated inequality, inequality has
increased in the last 30 years
traditional class system - Answer: ascribed social statuses (caste system)
modern class system - Answer: achieved social statuses (class system)
Trends in wealth/income inequality - Answer: huge inequality in income, but even more in
wealth, the rate of growth has changed
Marx - Answer: Which sociologist(s) believed that there were two classes: proletariat and
bourgeoisie?
Wright - Answer: Which sociologist(s) believed that there were four classes: capitalists, petty
bourgeoisie, managers, and workers?
Gilbert and Kahl - Answer: Which sociologist(s) believed that there were six classes: capitalist
class, upper middle class, middle class, working class, working poor, and underclass?
horizontal mobility - Answer: individuals change roles but experience no change in social
standing
vertical mobility - Answer: significant increase of decrease in social standing
intergenerational mobility - Answer: children's mobility in relation to their parents
