WGU Pathophysiology D236 Questions And CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
1. Describe how your body responds to an infection.: T cells produce cytokines, which
stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
2. Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities.: Mutations in genes or
chromosomal abnormalities
3. How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities?: Alterations of DNA
4. Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing.:
(ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
5. Explain RAAS: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction >
release aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in urine
and blood pressure maintained.
6. DKA: increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
7. How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis: retain H and excrete HCO3
8. Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte?: Potassium
,9. West Nile Virus: Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe signs
and symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck
10. Lyme disease: Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
11. Erythema infectiosum: a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the
sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
12. Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____.: Spina bifida
13. Trousseau's sign: arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
14. Cause and sign of spina bifida: results from failure of neural tube to close. sign -
fluid filled sac on lower back.
15. hemophilia is more common in: males
16. Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes: ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS
17. Connective vs muscle tissue disorders: Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
18. Describe Lupus: Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly
rash
19. Describe Myasthenia Gravis: It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack
own Ach receptors. This causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the
day, along with ptosis, double vision, and difficulty swallowing.
20. dermatitis: inflammation of the skin
, 21. eczema: noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters,
scabs, and itching
22. decubitus ulcer: sore caused by lying down for long periods of time
23. Fungal infections: superficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue infections
caused by exposure to sporesmay or may not be transmitted
24. benign neoplasm: noncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders
25. malignant neoplasm: uncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders, spreads
26. Osteoporosis: The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to become
porous, brittle, and easily fractured.
27. osteomalacia: disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and
vitamin D deficiency
28. myoglobin: red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells
29. Bursa: fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over
another
30. Rickets: a vitamin D deficiency in children, resulting in soft bones
31. Degenerative disk disease: A condition in which an intervertebral disk loses its
normal structural integrity as a result of wear and tear, acute or repeated injuries or
aging
32. Paget disease: Chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening
of bones, that can occur in any bone but most commonly affects the long bones of the
legs, the lower spine, the pelvis, and the skull
DETAILED ANSWERS
1. Describe how your body responds to an infection.: T cells produce cytokines, which
stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
2. Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities.: Mutations in genes or
chromosomal abnormalities
3. How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities?: Alterations of DNA
4. Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing.:
(ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
5. Explain RAAS: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction >
release aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in urine
and blood pressure maintained.
6. DKA: increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
7. How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis: retain H and excrete HCO3
8. Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte?: Potassium
,9. West Nile Virus: Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe signs
and symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck
10. Lyme disease: Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
11. Erythema infectiosum: a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the
sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
12. Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____.: Spina bifida
13. Trousseau's sign: arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
14. Cause and sign of spina bifida: results from failure of neural tube to close. sign -
fluid filled sac on lower back.
15. hemophilia is more common in: males
16. Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes: ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS
17. Connective vs muscle tissue disorders: Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
18. Describe Lupus: Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly
rash
19. Describe Myasthenia Gravis: It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack
own Ach receptors. This causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the
day, along with ptosis, double vision, and difficulty swallowing.
20. dermatitis: inflammation of the skin
, 21. eczema: noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters,
scabs, and itching
22. decubitus ulcer: sore caused by lying down for long periods of time
23. Fungal infections: superficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue infections
caused by exposure to sporesmay or may not be transmitted
24. benign neoplasm: noncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders
25. malignant neoplasm: uncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders, spreads
26. Osteoporosis: The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to become
porous, brittle, and easily fractured.
27. osteomalacia: disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and
vitamin D deficiency
28. myoglobin: red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells
29. Bursa: fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over
another
30. Rickets: a vitamin D deficiency in children, resulting in soft bones
31. Degenerative disk disease: A condition in which an intervertebral disk loses its
normal structural integrity as a result of wear and tear, acute or repeated injuries or
aging
32. Paget disease: Chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening
of bones, that can occur in any bone but most commonly affects the long bones of the
legs, the lower spine, the pelvis, and the skull
