PHGY 215 - Module 2 Exam 2026
Questions and Answers
Learning - Correct answer-the acquisition, modifying, or reinforcing of knowledge
or skills based on experience and/or instruction
What is a major influence on learning - Correct answer-punishment and
reinforcement (reward)
-both can be either positive or negative
Memory - Correct answer-the storage of acquired knowledge for later recall
Memory traces - Correct answer-A hypothetical permanent change in the nervous
system brought about by memorizing something; an engram
Where are memory traces stored? - Correct answer-Not in a single neuron but is
the pattern of signals transmitted across synapses in a vast network
How a new memory is made - Correct answer-1) Stimulus
2) Short term memory (lasts from seconds to hours)
3) Permanent loss OR Consolidation/Working memory
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,-if the memory is considered important it undergoes consolidation
-working memory is the part of memory that temporarily holds new knowledge
and can transiently pull in related, previously stored knowledge to be evaluated.
Allows the short term and long term memory to work together
4) Long Term memory - retained for days or years
Short term memory has 2 fates - Correct answer-1) it is forgotten
2) transferred to long term memory through practice or rehearsal
Is memory stored in 1 area of the brain? - Correct answer-No, neurons involved in
memory traces are widely distributed throughout the hippocampus, the limbic
system, the cerebellum, the prefrontal cortex, and other regions of the cerebral
cortex
Hippocampus - memory - Correct answer--short term memory
-also important for the consolidation and the initial storage of long term memories
-important role in declarative memories (the "what" memories of people, places,
facts, etc.)
Cerebellum - memory - Correct answer--role in procedural memories (the "how to"
involving motor skills gained through repetitive training)
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, -these memories can be recalled without conscious effort
Prefrontal Cortex - memory - Correct answer--key for complex reasoning skills
associated with working memory
-with the brain's sensory regions, its responsible for the executive functions
involving integration for planning, juggling priorities, problem solving, and
organizing activities.
The 2 forms of short term memory - Correct answer--habituation
-sensitization
Habituation - Correct answer--decreased responsiveness to repetitive presentations
of an indifferent stimulus that neither rewards nor punishes
Sensitization - Correct answer--increased responsiveness to mild stimuli that
occurs following a strong noxious stimulus
Functions that neurons within the CNS perform - Correct answer--subconscious
neuronal regulation of your internal environment
-emotions
-voluntary control of movement
-perception
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Questions and Answers
Learning - Correct answer-the acquisition, modifying, or reinforcing of knowledge
or skills based on experience and/or instruction
What is a major influence on learning - Correct answer-punishment and
reinforcement (reward)
-both can be either positive or negative
Memory - Correct answer-the storage of acquired knowledge for later recall
Memory traces - Correct answer-A hypothetical permanent change in the nervous
system brought about by memorizing something; an engram
Where are memory traces stored? - Correct answer-Not in a single neuron but is
the pattern of signals transmitted across synapses in a vast network
How a new memory is made - Correct answer-1) Stimulus
2) Short term memory (lasts from seconds to hours)
3) Permanent loss OR Consolidation/Working memory
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,-if the memory is considered important it undergoes consolidation
-working memory is the part of memory that temporarily holds new knowledge
and can transiently pull in related, previously stored knowledge to be evaluated.
Allows the short term and long term memory to work together
4) Long Term memory - retained for days or years
Short term memory has 2 fates - Correct answer-1) it is forgotten
2) transferred to long term memory through practice or rehearsal
Is memory stored in 1 area of the brain? - Correct answer-No, neurons involved in
memory traces are widely distributed throughout the hippocampus, the limbic
system, the cerebellum, the prefrontal cortex, and other regions of the cerebral
cortex
Hippocampus - memory - Correct answer--short term memory
-also important for the consolidation and the initial storage of long term memories
-important role in declarative memories (the "what" memories of people, places,
facts, etc.)
Cerebellum - memory - Correct answer--role in procedural memories (the "how to"
involving motor skills gained through repetitive training)
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, -these memories can be recalled without conscious effort
Prefrontal Cortex - memory - Correct answer--key for complex reasoning skills
associated with working memory
-with the brain's sensory regions, its responsible for the executive functions
involving integration for planning, juggling priorities, problem solving, and
organizing activities.
The 2 forms of short term memory - Correct answer--habituation
-sensitization
Habituation - Correct answer--decreased responsiveness to repetitive presentations
of an indifferent stimulus that neither rewards nor punishes
Sensitization - Correct answer--increased responsiveness to mild stimuli that
occurs following a strong noxious stimulus
Functions that neurons within the CNS perform - Correct answer--subconscious
neuronal regulation of your internal environment
-emotions
-voluntary control of movement
-perception
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
