Public Health Concepts PHC4101
Final Exam study test revision
question with 100% correct answers
What were the primary concern and causes of death in the early 20th century? -
ANS Infectious diseases
In what three ways were public health professionals preventing death and
disability? - ANS -Breaking the chain of infection
-Removing etiologic agents (bacteria, virus, parasites) from environment (water,
food)
-Developing vaccines and immunizations
What became the biggest cause of death and disability in the 21st century? -
ANS Chronic disease
What was the focus on in the early 20th century where there are recommended
daily allowances of minerals and vitamins, the FDA regulates labeling of food
items, and daily values provided by each serving, prevention of cancers,
cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, and the importance of eating less fat, salt
and more fruits, vegetables and grains - Our food labeling has changed
significantly? - ANS Nutritional Deficiencies
What was the motivation for a healthier society by the government? - ANS
Education and regulation
What amendment, which banned alcohol, was effective in reducing diseases
caused by alcohol? - ANS 18th Amendment
There was a shift in concern from nutritional deficiencies to what? - ANS
Nutritional excesses
What were three reasons the "war on drugs" was not working? - ANS -Expensive
-Empowers criminals at home and terrorists abroad
-Sends thousands of people to prison for minor offenses
,The results of what were mixed outcomes? - ANS Prohibition
The government makes a _____ about public health and then the public either
supports or opposes it and forces change. - ANS Decree (official order by legal
authority)
What are examples of acceptable regulations by the government with the intent to
restrain people from harming others? - ANS -Traffic laws
-Alcohol and smoking regulations
In regards to the health of minority populations, which gender has higher mortality
rates at all ages? - ANS Males
The health of what race, the largest racial minority, is poor than that of white
americans? - ANS African Americans
What race are considered a heterogenous group, and their health status varies
among different subgroups? - ANS Hispanics
What race generally has poorer health indicators than whites, while Asian
Americans have better health status? - ANS American Indians
In regards to the health of minority populations, which gender tends to suffer more
from chronic illness? - ANS Females
What accounts in part, though not entirely for the health differences by race, sex,
and marital status? - ANS Socioeconomic Status
A higher SES means what? - ANS More education, less stress, better nutrition,
better access to care, etc.
A lower SES means what? (Even with universal health care) - ANS Higher
mortality rate
Which model believes that behavior determines health, behavior is determined by
factors in social environment, and change in social environment rather change in
individual behavior is viable approach? - ANS Psychosocial factors and effects on
health
, Which model believes that demographic factors consistently showed association
with health outcomes,
minority populations have higher mortality rates from most diseases than
non-minorities, males have higher mortality rates than females at all ages, and
being married is associated with better outcomes? - ANS Social factors and
health
Which model's goal is to understand the most effective ways to promote healthier
behavior. Attitudes and beliefs of individuals, how vulnerable they feel to the
threat. Perceived barriers to take action or reduce risk - after action - how effective
will it be in minimizing risk and assumes people act in rational ways, it identifies
several factors that determine whether a person is likely to change behavior when
faced with a threat? - ANS Health Behavior Model
The goal of what model is to convince people that they are vulnerable, that the
threat is severe, and that certain actions can prevent diseases? - ANS Health
Behavior Model
Which model envisions change as a process involving progress through a series
of 5 stages (Pre contemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, and
Maintenance)? - ANS Transtheoretical Model
The following are the 5 components of what model?
a. The extent to which the individual feels vulnerable to the threat
b. The perceived severity of the threat
c. Perceived barriers to taking action to reduce the risk
d. The perceived effectiveness of taking an action to prevent or minimize the
problem
e. Focuses on improving a person's idea of self-efficacy or their ability to change
their world/environment/choices. - ANS Health Behavior Model
The _______ stage of the transtheoretical model is meant to increase the
person's awareness that their behavior is unhealthy and should change. *No
intention to change yet.* - ANS Pre contemplation
The ______ stage of the transtheoretical model is when the person is more
*aware of the benefits of change, but is also aware of the difficulties* and is *still
not ready to take action.* - ANS Contemplation
Final Exam study test revision
question with 100% correct answers
What were the primary concern and causes of death in the early 20th century? -
ANS Infectious diseases
In what three ways were public health professionals preventing death and
disability? - ANS -Breaking the chain of infection
-Removing etiologic agents (bacteria, virus, parasites) from environment (water,
food)
-Developing vaccines and immunizations
What became the biggest cause of death and disability in the 21st century? -
ANS Chronic disease
What was the focus on in the early 20th century where there are recommended
daily allowances of minerals and vitamins, the FDA regulates labeling of food
items, and daily values provided by each serving, prevention of cancers,
cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, and the importance of eating less fat, salt
and more fruits, vegetables and grains - Our food labeling has changed
significantly? - ANS Nutritional Deficiencies
What was the motivation for a healthier society by the government? - ANS
Education and regulation
What amendment, which banned alcohol, was effective in reducing diseases
caused by alcohol? - ANS 18th Amendment
There was a shift in concern from nutritional deficiencies to what? - ANS
Nutritional excesses
What were three reasons the "war on drugs" was not working? - ANS -Expensive
-Empowers criminals at home and terrorists abroad
-Sends thousands of people to prison for minor offenses
,The results of what were mixed outcomes? - ANS Prohibition
The government makes a _____ about public health and then the public either
supports or opposes it and forces change. - ANS Decree (official order by legal
authority)
What are examples of acceptable regulations by the government with the intent to
restrain people from harming others? - ANS -Traffic laws
-Alcohol and smoking regulations
In regards to the health of minority populations, which gender has higher mortality
rates at all ages? - ANS Males
The health of what race, the largest racial minority, is poor than that of white
americans? - ANS African Americans
What race are considered a heterogenous group, and their health status varies
among different subgroups? - ANS Hispanics
What race generally has poorer health indicators than whites, while Asian
Americans have better health status? - ANS American Indians
In regards to the health of minority populations, which gender tends to suffer more
from chronic illness? - ANS Females
What accounts in part, though not entirely for the health differences by race, sex,
and marital status? - ANS Socioeconomic Status
A higher SES means what? - ANS More education, less stress, better nutrition,
better access to care, etc.
A lower SES means what? (Even with universal health care) - ANS Higher
mortality rate
Which model believes that behavior determines health, behavior is determined by
factors in social environment, and change in social environment rather change in
individual behavior is viable approach? - ANS Psychosocial factors and effects on
health
, Which model believes that demographic factors consistently showed association
with health outcomes,
minority populations have higher mortality rates from most diseases than
non-minorities, males have higher mortality rates than females at all ages, and
being married is associated with better outcomes? - ANS Social factors and
health
Which model's goal is to understand the most effective ways to promote healthier
behavior. Attitudes and beliefs of individuals, how vulnerable they feel to the
threat. Perceived barriers to take action or reduce risk - after action - how effective
will it be in minimizing risk and assumes people act in rational ways, it identifies
several factors that determine whether a person is likely to change behavior when
faced with a threat? - ANS Health Behavior Model
The goal of what model is to convince people that they are vulnerable, that the
threat is severe, and that certain actions can prevent diseases? - ANS Health
Behavior Model
Which model envisions change as a process involving progress through a series
of 5 stages (Pre contemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, and
Maintenance)? - ANS Transtheoretical Model
The following are the 5 components of what model?
a. The extent to which the individual feels vulnerable to the threat
b. The perceived severity of the threat
c. Perceived barriers to taking action to reduce the risk
d. The perceived effectiveness of taking an action to prevent or minimize the
problem
e. Focuses on improving a person's idea of self-efficacy or their ability to change
their world/environment/choices. - ANS Health Behavior Model
The _______ stage of the transtheoretical model is meant to increase the
person's awareness that their behavior is unhealthy and should change. *No
intention to change yet.* - ANS Pre contemplation
The ______ stage of the transtheoretical model is when the person is more
*aware of the benefits of change, but is also aware of the difficulties* and is *still
not ready to take action.* - ANS Contemplation
