ASU BIO 340 Exam 3 Questions with
Verified Answers
Describe the experiments that led to the discovery of DNA as the hereditary meterial - ✔✔1.
The bacterial transforming principle by Griffith:
found that nonvirulent R-strain takes up a transforming principle from the virulent heat-killed S-
strain. This allowed the R-strain to transform into S-strain becoming virulent.
2. Avery-MacLeod-McCarty Experiment:
S-strain filtrate was made and treated with RNase, Dnase, Protease, and Carboase. Those were
then treated with the R-strain and found that the only dample containing both both strains was
the one with Dnase.
3. The Hershey Chase experiment:
Officially concluded that DNA was genetic material from work with phages.
What were the conclusions for the three experiments that led to DNA being the hereditary
meterial? - ✔✔1. The bacterial transforming principle by Griffith:
found that nonvirulent R-strain takes up a transforming principle from the virulent heat-killed S-
strain. This allowed the R-strain to transform into S-strain becoming virulent.
2. Avery-MacLeod-McCarty Experiment:
DNA is the transforming factor
3. The Hershey-Chase Experiment:
DNA is the genetic material
What are the building blocks of DNA - ✔✔nucleotides
What are nucleotides composed of? - ✔✔5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
A, T, G, C
,Nucleotides combine via___ - ✔✔covalent bonds
Nucleotides are assembled into polynucleotide chains by:
a. endonuclease
b. DNA pol.
c. RNA pol.
d. helicase - ✔✔b. DNA pol
Who determined that structure of DNA? - ✔✔Crick and Watson
Who discovered the secondary structure of proteins using x-ray crystallography? - ✔✔Linus
Pauling
Does DNA run parallel or anti parallel? - ✔✔anti-parallel (strand one 5'-3')(strand 2 3'-5')
What is Chargaff's rule? - ✔✔DNA should have a 1:1 ratio(G=C, A=T)
The haploid human genome is 3 Gbp long (3x10^9 bp). There are approximately 50 trillion cells
in the human body. How long would all of the human genomic DNA in your body be if it were
stretch out end to end? - ✔✔~2m
There is approx, 50 trillion cells in the human body. How long would all of the human DNA in
your body be if it were stretched end to end?
a. 10 billion km
b. 100 billion km
c. 1000 billion km - ✔✔b. 100 billion km
, what is the difference in the origins of replication between pro/eukaryotes? - ✔✔prokayotes
have just one OoR while Eukaryotes have multiple due to their being more complex than
prokaryotes.
what is the expansion around the origin or replication called? - ✔✔replication bubble
What does DNA polymerase do? - ✔✔adds nucleotides to the growing DNA chain that are
complementary to the template strand
In prokaryotes there are three DNA pol. Describe what each one does - ✔✔DNA pol I and II:
repairs
DNA pol III: DNA synthesis
How does replication know where to being? - ✔✔There are specific nucleotide sequences that
code for where replication begins.
What does Helicase do and what does it require? - ✔✔//Helicase// *unwinds* the DNA by
breaking the H-bonds between base pairs.
//Required// is ATP hydrolysis
As the DNA is unwound by *Helicase*, a y-shaped structure called _____1____ are formed.
two _____2_____ are formed at the origin or replication and these get extended ____3____ -
✔✔1 and 2 replication forks
3 bidirectionally
What protein coats the single DNA strands near the replication fork to prevent DNA from
unwinding /back/ into a double helix? - ✔✔Single-strand binding proteins
What is a primer? - ✔✔A short segment of DNA that acts as the starting point for a new strand
Verified Answers
Describe the experiments that led to the discovery of DNA as the hereditary meterial - ✔✔1.
The bacterial transforming principle by Griffith:
found that nonvirulent R-strain takes up a transforming principle from the virulent heat-killed S-
strain. This allowed the R-strain to transform into S-strain becoming virulent.
2. Avery-MacLeod-McCarty Experiment:
S-strain filtrate was made and treated with RNase, Dnase, Protease, and Carboase. Those were
then treated with the R-strain and found that the only dample containing both both strains was
the one with Dnase.
3. The Hershey Chase experiment:
Officially concluded that DNA was genetic material from work with phages.
What were the conclusions for the three experiments that led to DNA being the hereditary
meterial? - ✔✔1. The bacterial transforming principle by Griffith:
found that nonvirulent R-strain takes up a transforming principle from the virulent heat-killed S-
strain. This allowed the R-strain to transform into S-strain becoming virulent.
2. Avery-MacLeod-McCarty Experiment:
DNA is the transforming factor
3. The Hershey-Chase Experiment:
DNA is the genetic material
What are the building blocks of DNA - ✔✔nucleotides
What are nucleotides composed of? - ✔✔5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
A, T, G, C
,Nucleotides combine via___ - ✔✔covalent bonds
Nucleotides are assembled into polynucleotide chains by:
a. endonuclease
b. DNA pol.
c. RNA pol.
d. helicase - ✔✔b. DNA pol
Who determined that structure of DNA? - ✔✔Crick and Watson
Who discovered the secondary structure of proteins using x-ray crystallography? - ✔✔Linus
Pauling
Does DNA run parallel or anti parallel? - ✔✔anti-parallel (strand one 5'-3')(strand 2 3'-5')
What is Chargaff's rule? - ✔✔DNA should have a 1:1 ratio(G=C, A=T)
The haploid human genome is 3 Gbp long (3x10^9 bp). There are approximately 50 trillion cells
in the human body. How long would all of the human genomic DNA in your body be if it were
stretch out end to end? - ✔✔~2m
There is approx, 50 trillion cells in the human body. How long would all of the human DNA in
your body be if it were stretched end to end?
a. 10 billion km
b. 100 billion km
c. 1000 billion km - ✔✔b. 100 billion km
, what is the difference in the origins of replication between pro/eukaryotes? - ✔✔prokayotes
have just one OoR while Eukaryotes have multiple due to their being more complex than
prokaryotes.
what is the expansion around the origin or replication called? - ✔✔replication bubble
What does DNA polymerase do? - ✔✔adds nucleotides to the growing DNA chain that are
complementary to the template strand
In prokaryotes there are three DNA pol. Describe what each one does - ✔✔DNA pol I and II:
repairs
DNA pol III: DNA synthesis
How does replication know where to being? - ✔✔There are specific nucleotide sequences that
code for where replication begins.
What does Helicase do and what does it require? - ✔✔//Helicase// *unwinds* the DNA by
breaking the H-bonds between base pairs.
//Required// is ATP hydrolysis
As the DNA is unwound by *Helicase*, a y-shaped structure called _____1____ are formed.
two _____2_____ are formed at the origin or replication and these get extended ____3____ -
✔✔1 and 2 replication forks
3 bidirectionally
What protein coats the single DNA strands near the replication fork to prevent DNA from
unwinding /back/ into a double helix? - ✔✔Single-strand binding proteins
What is a primer? - ✔✔A short segment of DNA that acts as the starting point for a new strand
