DETAILED ANSWERS
1. Behaviorism: lecture, drill and practice, rote learning, multiple choice tests.
Learning is passive, occurs via external processes, positive reinforcement.
2. Cognitivism: lecture, visual tools, facilitation to memorize, multiple choice
and essay assessments. learning extends beyond the external, it is an internal
process involving short and long term memory.
3. connectivism: self-directed quest for content, sharing of content and
sources, spontaneous learning groups, collaborative knowledge creation. learning
is self-directed, networked via nodes (content sources, people, groups) 4.
humanism: student-centered learning, discussions, self-reflection activities,
holistic growth assignments. emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization,
considers emotional and psychological well-being as integral to learning, values
student choice and autonomy
5. Constructivism: discovery, collaborative group work, scaffolding, self-guided
learning based on personal experience, peer grading/review. learners build on
personal experience; learning is active and social in process.
1/6
, 6. Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS): a comprehensive framework
used in education to provide targeted interventions and support to students
based on their individual needs.
7. Tier 1 interventions: high quality classroom instruction that ensures the
curriculum reaches 100% of students in the classroom.
8. backward design: a strategic approach to curriculum planning that starts with
identifying clear goals or learning outcomes of a course or lesson before
planning the instructional strategies and assessments.
9. formative assessment: used during the learning process to gauge student
understanding and guide further learning
10. summative assessment: a tool for evaluating student learning at specific
points, such as at the end of a unit, semester, or academic year; often in the
form of a test or quiz
11. pre-assessment: initial stage involves methods like screening tests,
diagnostic assessments, and pre-tests, which help educators understand
students' baseline knowledge before instruction begins
12. performance based learning: an approach to teaching and learning that
emphasizes students being able to do or perform, specific skills as a result of
instruction
13. performance based assessment: an individual task, such as research
paper, presentation, or report, completed by a candidate and evaluated based
on a rubric; a formal testing process that demonstrates competency for a
course.
14. scales: offer a broader overview usually encapsulating overall performance
levels.
2/6