TEST BANK
||
,Test Bank For Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th edition
|| || || || || || || ||
Chapter 1: Cell Structure and Function
|| || || || || ||
MULTIPLE ||CHOICE
1. Although ||the ||basic ||structure ||of ||the ||cell ||plasma ||membrane ||is ||formed ||by |a ||lipid ||bilayer,
||most ||ofthe ||specific ||membrane ||functions ||are ||carried ||out ||by:
A) Bound ||and ||transmembrane ||proteins
B) Complex, ||long |carbohydrate ||chains
C) Surface ||antigens ||and ||hormone ||receptors
D) A ||gating |system ||of ||selective ||ion ||channels
Ans: ||A
Feedback:
The ||functions ||of ||plasma ||membrane ||depend ||on ||the ||presence ||of ||proteins ||that ||are ||bound ||in ||the ||lipid
||bilayer ||and ||some ||that ||have ||the ||ability ||to ||pass ||freely ||into ||and ||out ||of ||the ||cell.
Carbohydrate ||chains ||form ||a ||cell ||coat ||that ||surrounds ||the ||membrane ||and ||that ||contain ||surface
||antigens ||and ||surface ||hormone ||receptors. ||Some ||ion ||channels ||are ||gated ||and ||open ||only ||when ||the
||membrane ||potential ||changes ||significantly.
1. Which ||describes ||the ||function ||of ||the ||nucleus?
A) It ||is ||basically |the ||site ||of ||protein ||synthesis ||in ||the ||body.
B) It ||contains ||the ||genetic ||code ||for ||the ||individual.
C) It ||is ||the ||transformer ||of ||cellular ||energy.
D) It ||initiates ||the ||process ||of ||aerobic ||metabolism.
Ans: ||B
Feedback:
The ||nucleus ||contains ||DNA, ||which ||contains ||the ||genetic ||code ||that ||contains ||the ||information ||that
||controls ||cells. ||Ribosomes ||synthesize ||protein. ||Mitochondria ||transform ||organic ||compounds ||into
||cellular ||energy. ||Mitochondria ||require ||oxygen ||for ||aerobic ||metabolism, ||using ||hydrogen ||and
||carbon ||combined ||with ||oxygen ||molecules ||to ||form ||carbon ||dioxide ||and ||water ||as ||energy |is ||released.
2. Which ||of ||the ||following ||aspects ||of ||the ||function ||of ||the ||nucleus ||is ||performed || by |ribosomal
,RNA ||(rRNA)?
A) Copying |and ||carrying ||DNA ||instructions ||for |protein ||synthesis
B) Carrying ||amino ||acids ||to ||the ||site ||of ||protein ||synthesis
C) Providing |the ||site ||where ||protein ||synthesis ||occurs
D) Regulating |and ||controlling ||protein ||synthesis
Ans: ||C
Feedback:
There ||are |three ||types ||of ||ribonucleic ||acid ||(messenger ||RNA, ||ribosomal ||RNA, ||and ||transfer ||RNA)
||that ||move ||to ||the ||cytoplasm ||and ||carry ||out ||the ||actual ||synthesis ||of ||proteins.
Messenger ||RNA ||(mRNA) ||copies ||and ||carries ||the ||DNA ||instructions ||for ||protein ||synthesis ||to ||the
||cytoplasm; ||ribosomal ||RNA ||(rRNA) ||is ||the ||site ||of ||protein ||synthesis; ||and ||transfer ||RNA ||(tRNA)
||transports ||amino ||acids ||to ||the ||site ||of ||protein ||synthesis ||for ||incorporation ||into ||the ||protein ||being
||synthesized.
3. Which ||accurately |explains ||the ||functions ||of ||the ||organelles ||lysosomes? || They:
A) Are ||sacs ||filled ||with ||enzymes ||that ||breakdown ||and ||remove ||foreign ||substances ||and ||worn-
||out ||cell ||parts
B) Function ||in ||association ||with ||the ||endoplasmic ||reticulum ||to ||modify|protein ||end ||products
||and ||package ||them ||into ||secretory ||granules ||or ||vesicles
C) Are ||small ||particles ||of ||nucleoproteins ||that ||are ||involved ||in ||the ||synthesis ||of ||proteins ||that
||remain ||in ||the ||cell ||as ||cytoplasmic ||structural ||or ||functional ||elements
D) Are ||a ||dynamic ||system ||of ||interconnected ||membranous ||tubes ||that ||functions ||as ||a ||tubular
||communication ||system ||for ||transporting |various ||substances ||from ||one ||part ||of ||the ||cell ||to ||another
Ans: ||A
Feedback:
Lysosomes ||are ||sacs ||that ||are ||filled ||with ||hydrolytic ||enzymes ||that ||aid ||in ||the ||processing ||and
||removal ||of ||unwanted ||substances ||within ||the ||cytoplasm. ||The ||Golgi ||apparatus ||functions ||in
||association ||with ||the |endoplasmic ||reticulum ||to ||modify |and ||package ||substances ||in ||preparation ||for
||secretion, ||whereas ||ribosomes ||are ||small ||particles ||of ||nucleoproteins ||that ||are ||involved ||in ||the
||synthesis ||of ||proteins. ||The ||ER ||is ||a ||tubular ||communication ||system ||for ||transporting ||various
||substances ||from ||one ||part ||of ||the ||cell ||to ||another.
4. Impairment ||in ||the ||function ||of ||peroxisomes ||would ||result ||in:
, A) Inadequate ||sites ||for ||protein ||synthesis
B) An ||inability|to ||transport ||cellular ||products ||across ||the ||cell ||membrane
C) Insufficient ||energy|production ||within ||a ||cell
D) Accumulation ||of ||free ||radicals ||in ||the ||cytoplasm
Ans: ||D
Feedback:
Peroxisomes ||function ||in ||the ||control ||of ||free ||radicals; ||unless ||degraded, ||these ||highly|unstable
||chemical ||compounds ||damage ||other ||cytoplasmic ||molecules. ||Peroxisomes ||do ||not ||directly
||contribute ||to ||energy ||production, ||protein ||synthesis, ||or ||transport ||of ||cellular ||secretions.
5. Although ||energy |is ||not ||made ||in ||mitochondria, ||they ||are ||known ||as ||the ||“power ||plants” ||of
||the ||cell ||because ||they:
A) Contain ||RNA ||for ||protein ||synthesis
B) Utilize ||glycolysis ||for ||oxidative ||energy
C) Extract ||energy |from ||organic ||compounds
D) Store ||calcium ||bonds ||for ||muscle ||contractions
Ans: ||C
Feedback:
Mitochondria ||contain ||the ||enzymes ||needed ||for ||transforming |organic ||compounds ||into ||energy|that
||is ||easily ||accessible ||to ||the ||cell. ||Mitochondria ||contain ||their ||own ||DNA. ||Glycolysis ||is ||anaerobic
||metabolism ||and ||unrelated ||to ||oxidative ||energy. ||Mitochondria ||store ||phosphate ||bonds ||(such ||as ||in
||ATP) ||to ||power ||cellular ||functions.
6. Semen ||analysis ||indicates ||that ||the ||client's ||sperm ||have |decreased ||motility. ||Which ||of |the
||following ||cellular ||components ||may ||be ||defective ||within ||the ||client's ||sperm?
A) Ribosomes
B) Microtubules
C) Mitochondria
D) Microfilaments
Ans: ||B
Feedback:
Med ||C
||
,Test Bank For Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th edition
|| || || || || || || ||
Chapter 1: Cell Structure and Function
|| || || || || ||
MULTIPLE ||CHOICE
1. Although ||the ||basic ||structure ||of ||the ||cell ||plasma ||membrane ||is ||formed ||by |a ||lipid ||bilayer,
||most ||ofthe ||specific ||membrane ||functions ||are ||carried ||out ||by:
A) Bound ||and ||transmembrane ||proteins
B) Complex, ||long |carbohydrate ||chains
C) Surface ||antigens ||and ||hormone ||receptors
D) A ||gating |system ||of ||selective ||ion ||channels
Ans: ||A
Feedback:
The ||functions ||of ||plasma ||membrane ||depend ||on ||the ||presence ||of ||proteins ||that ||are ||bound ||in ||the ||lipid
||bilayer ||and ||some ||that ||have ||the ||ability ||to ||pass ||freely ||into ||and ||out ||of ||the ||cell.
Carbohydrate ||chains ||form ||a ||cell ||coat ||that ||surrounds ||the ||membrane ||and ||that ||contain ||surface
||antigens ||and ||surface ||hormone ||receptors. ||Some ||ion ||channels ||are ||gated ||and ||open ||only ||when ||the
||membrane ||potential ||changes ||significantly.
1. Which ||describes ||the ||function ||of ||the ||nucleus?
A) It ||is ||basically |the ||site ||of ||protein ||synthesis ||in ||the ||body.
B) It ||contains ||the ||genetic ||code ||for ||the ||individual.
C) It ||is ||the ||transformer ||of ||cellular ||energy.
D) It ||initiates ||the ||process ||of ||aerobic ||metabolism.
Ans: ||B
Feedback:
The ||nucleus ||contains ||DNA, ||which ||contains ||the ||genetic ||code ||that ||contains ||the ||information ||that
||controls ||cells. ||Ribosomes ||synthesize ||protein. ||Mitochondria ||transform ||organic ||compounds ||into
||cellular ||energy. ||Mitochondria ||require ||oxygen ||for ||aerobic ||metabolism, ||using ||hydrogen ||and
||carbon ||combined ||with ||oxygen ||molecules ||to ||form ||carbon ||dioxide ||and ||water ||as ||energy |is ||released.
2. Which ||of ||the ||following ||aspects ||of ||the ||function ||of ||the ||nucleus ||is ||performed || by |ribosomal
,RNA ||(rRNA)?
A) Copying |and ||carrying ||DNA ||instructions ||for |protein ||synthesis
B) Carrying ||amino ||acids ||to ||the ||site ||of ||protein ||synthesis
C) Providing |the ||site ||where ||protein ||synthesis ||occurs
D) Regulating |and ||controlling ||protein ||synthesis
Ans: ||C
Feedback:
There ||are |three ||types ||of ||ribonucleic ||acid ||(messenger ||RNA, ||ribosomal ||RNA, ||and ||transfer ||RNA)
||that ||move ||to ||the ||cytoplasm ||and ||carry ||out ||the ||actual ||synthesis ||of ||proteins.
Messenger ||RNA ||(mRNA) ||copies ||and ||carries ||the ||DNA ||instructions ||for ||protein ||synthesis ||to ||the
||cytoplasm; ||ribosomal ||RNA ||(rRNA) ||is ||the ||site ||of ||protein ||synthesis; ||and ||transfer ||RNA ||(tRNA)
||transports ||amino ||acids ||to ||the ||site ||of ||protein ||synthesis ||for ||incorporation ||into ||the ||protein ||being
||synthesized.
3. Which ||accurately |explains ||the ||functions ||of ||the ||organelles ||lysosomes? || They:
A) Are ||sacs ||filled ||with ||enzymes ||that ||breakdown ||and ||remove ||foreign ||substances ||and ||worn-
||out ||cell ||parts
B) Function ||in ||association ||with ||the ||endoplasmic ||reticulum ||to ||modify|protein ||end ||products
||and ||package ||them ||into ||secretory ||granules ||or ||vesicles
C) Are ||small ||particles ||of ||nucleoproteins ||that ||are ||involved ||in ||the ||synthesis ||of ||proteins ||that
||remain ||in ||the ||cell ||as ||cytoplasmic ||structural ||or ||functional ||elements
D) Are ||a ||dynamic ||system ||of ||interconnected ||membranous ||tubes ||that ||functions ||as ||a ||tubular
||communication ||system ||for ||transporting |various ||substances ||from ||one ||part ||of ||the ||cell ||to ||another
Ans: ||A
Feedback:
Lysosomes ||are ||sacs ||that ||are ||filled ||with ||hydrolytic ||enzymes ||that ||aid ||in ||the ||processing ||and
||removal ||of ||unwanted ||substances ||within ||the ||cytoplasm. ||The ||Golgi ||apparatus ||functions ||in
||association ||with ||the |endoplasmic ||reticulum ||to ||modify |and ||package ||substances ||in ||preparation ||for
||secretion, ||whereas ||ribosomes ||are ||small ||particles ||of ||nucleoproteins ||that ||are ||involved ||in ||the
||synthesis ||of ||proteins. ||The ||ER ||is ||a ||tubular ||communication ||system ||for ||transporting ||various
||substances ||from ||one ||part ||of ||the ||cell ||to ||another.
4. Impairment ||in ||the ||function ||of ||peroxisomes ||would ||result ||in:
, A) Inadequate ||sites ||for ||protein ||synthesis
B) An ||inability|to ||transport ||cellular ||products ||across ||the ||cell ||membrane
C) Insufficient ||energy|production ||within ||a ||cell
D) Accumulation ||of ||free ||radicals ||in ||the ||cytoplasm
Ans: ||D
Feedback:
Peroxisomes ||function ||in ||the ||control ||of ||free ||radicals; ||unless ||degraded, ||these ||highly|unstable
||chemical ||compounds ||damage ||other ||cytoplasmic ||molecules. ||Peroxisomes ||do ||not ||directly
||contribute ||to ||energy ||production, ||protein ||synthesis, ||or ||transport ||of ||cellular ||secretions.
5. Although ||energy |is ||not ||made ||in ||mitochondria, ||they ||are ||known ||as ||the ||“power ||plants” ||of
||the ||cell ||because ||they:
A) Contain ||RNA ||for ||protein ||synthesis
B) Utilize ||glycolysis ||for ||oxidative ||energy
C) Extract ||energy |from ||organic ||compounds
D) Store ||calcium ||bonds ||for ||muscle ||contractions
Ans: ||C
Feedback:
Mitochondria ||contain ||the ||enzymes ||needed ||for ||transforming |organic ||compounds ||into ||energy|that
||is ||easily ||accessible ||to ||the ||cell. ||Mitochondria ||contain ||their ||own ||DNA. ||Glycolysis ||is ||anaerobic
||metabolism ||and ||unrelated ||to ||oxidative ||energy. ||Mitochondria ||store ||phosphate ||bonds ||(such ||as ||in
||ATP) ||to ||power ||cellular ||functions.
6. Semen ||analysis ||indicates ||that ||the ||client's ||sperm ||have |decreased ||motility. ||Which ||of |the
||following ||cellular ||components ||may ||be ||defective ||within ||the ||client's ||sperm?
A) Ribosomes
B) Microtubules
C) Mitochondria
D) Microfilaments
Ans: ||B
Feedback:
Med ||C
