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Biology 240 Exam 3 – 2025 Study Terms and Definitions on Animal Diversity, Evolution & Embryology – San Francisco State University

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This document presents a complete collection of study terms and correct definitions for Exam 3 in the Biology 240 course at San Francisco State University (SFSU) for the 2025/2026 academic year. It covers essential biological concepts from evolutionary biology, embryology, and comparative anatomy with a focus on the animal kingdom. The content is formatted in a flashcard-style Q&A layout, ideal for quick review and memorization. Topics include animal classification, embryonic development stages, body symmetry, coelom types, evolutionary adaptations, and phylogenetic relationships. Key concepts such as protostomes vs. deuterostomes, triploblasty, vertebrate evolution, reproductive adaptations (amnion, placenta), and the transition from aquatic to terrestrial life are clearly explained with concise, exam-focused definitions. Major taxonomic groups and evolutionary lineages covered: Chordates, Vertebrates, Tetrapods Mammals (monotremes, marsupials, eutherians) Reptiles, Birds (Aves), Amphibians Fish (ray-finned, lobe-finned) Invertebrates (echinoderms, mollusks, arthropods) Developmental biology terms like gastrula, blastula, mesoderm, archenteron, and notochord This study material is ideal for: Biology 240 (Organismal Biology) students Pre-med, pre-vet, or life science majors Students preparing for lab practicals, MCQs, and final exams involving animal structure and function Zoology, evolution, and embryology focused modules Keywords: Bio 240, animal diversity, embryonic development, deuterostome, protostome, triploblast, notochord, vertebrates, tetrapods, mollusks, echinoderms, reptiles, birds, mammals, amniotic egg, lobe-finned fish, chordates, evolution, comparative anatomy

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Uploaded on
October 5, 2025
Number of pages
8
Written in
2025/2026
Type
Exam (elaborations)
Contains
Questions & answers

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SFSU Bio 240 Exam 3 2025/2026 Exam
Questions with 100% Correct Answers |
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altruism - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔any behavior that increases the fitness of another

individual at the cost of one's own fitness


amnion - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔membrane that closely covers the embryo.

amniotic egg protects and nourished the embryo.


amniota - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔tetrapods with terrestrial adaptations. reptiles,

birds, and mammals. relatively impermeable skin and ability to use rib cage

to ventilate lungs.


amphibia - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔"two-lives." warm/moist climate. metamorphosis

— aquatic larva -> terrestrial adult. main clades: urodela (salamanders w

tails), anura (frogs/toads no tails), apoda (caecilians legless fossorial

, animals). skin as respiratory organ. toxins in skin. use throat to ventilate

lungs.


archenteron - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔primary gut that forms during the gastrulation

of a zygote, develops into the endoderm and mesoderm of an animal.


archosauria - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔dinosaurs, crocodiles, birds. monophyletic

group with similar bone morphology. crocodilians - basal archosaurs.

dinosaurs- evidence of prenatal care/endothermy evolved in dinosaurs (one

of these lineages became birds)


aves - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔birds- extant dinosaurs. birds/reptiles shared

characters = jaw bone structure (5 fused bones), scales, egg structure

(same membranes and structures including egg tooth). toothless, hollow-

boned, bipedal, streamlined, feathered, endothermic, vertebrate w/ fast

metabolism.


bilateria - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔triploblasts. animals with bilateral symmetry.

head/tail (cephalization). separate mouth/anus. true coelom.


bivalves - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔clams, oysters, mussels, scallops. shell with 2

halves. mantle cavity contains gills used for feeding and gas exchange. no

radula. most are suspension feeders, some have tentacles and eyes.

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