Exam (elaborations) TEST BANK FOR Essential Genetics A Genomic Perspective 4th Edition By Daniel L. Hartl, Elizabeth W. Jones (Study Guide and Solution Manual)

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ESSENTIALGENETICS:AGENOMICPERSPECTIVE 4TH EDITION
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ElizabethW. Jones & Daniel L. Hartl
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,Study Guide and Solutions Manual to accompany
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A GENOMICS PERSPECTIVE
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FourthEdition b




Daniel L. Hartl and Elizabeth W. Jones
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PreparedbyElenaR.Lozovsky
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JONES AND BARTLETT PUBLISHERS
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Sudbury, Massachusetts
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BOSTON TORONTO LONDON SINGAPORE

,Contents

1 The Genetic Code of Genes and Genomes
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2 Transmission Genetics: Heritage from Mendel b b b b 4

3 The Chromosomal Basis ofHeredity......................•................................ 9
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4 Gene Linkage and Genetic Mapping.......................·.· ..........................13
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5 Human Chromosomes and Chromosome Behavior
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6 DNA Structure, Replication, and Manipulation
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7 The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses
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8 TheMolecular Genetics ofGene Expression
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9 Molecular Mechanisms of Gene Regulation
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10 Genomics, Proteomics,and Genetic Engineering ................................. 38
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11 The Genetic Control of Development
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12 Molecular Mechanisms ofMutation and DNA Repair
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13 Molecular GeneticsoftheCellCycleandcancer
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14 Molecular Evolution and Population Genetics...............• ....................52
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15 TheGeneticBasis ofComplexInheritance
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Appendix: Answers b 58




V

, TheGeneticCodeofGenes and b b b b b




Genomes
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Key Concepts b




• Inherited traits are affected by genes. b b b b b




• Genes are composed of the chemical deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
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• DNA replicates to form (usually identical) copies of itself.
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• DNA contains a code specifying what types of enzymes and other proteins are made in
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cells.b




• DNA occasionally mutates, and the mutant forms specify altered proteins.
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• A mutant enzyme is an "inborn error of metabolism" that blocks one step in a bio-
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chemical pathway for the metabolism of small molecules.
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• Traits are affected by environment as well as by genes.
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• Organisms change genetically through generations in the process of biological
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evolution.
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• Because of their comm.on descent, organisms share many features of their genetics
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and biochemistry. b




Key Terms b




1. complementary base pairing b b




2. antiparallel
3. central dogma b




4. transcri tion b




5. ribosome
6. transfer RNA (tRNA) b b




7. proteome
8. substrate
9. alkaptonuria
10. phenylketonuria
11. pleiotropic effect or pleiotropy b b b




12. prokaryote


Concepts in Action b b




1.1. (a) false; (b) true; (c) true; (d) false.
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1.2. The importance of the nucleus in inheritance was implied by its prominence in fer-
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tilization. The discovery of chromosomes inside the nucleus, their behavior during cell
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division, and the observation that each species has a characteristic chromosome
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number made it likely that chromosomes were the carriers of the genes. Micro- scopic
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studies showed that DNA and proteins are both present in chromosomes, but
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whereas nearly all cells of a given species contain a constant amount of DNA, the
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amount and kinds of proteins differ greatly in different cell types.
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C 2006 by Jones and Bartlett Publishers
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