👑 The French Revolution - NOTES 📝
* 🇫🇷 French Revolution is considered as the most important landmark in human history. ✨
monarchy and aimed at establishing an egalitarian society and responsible government. ⚖️
* The Revolution occurred in 1789 and swept away the existing political institutions, overthrew the French
Bonaparte to power. 💣
* The Revolution began with the Seize of Bastille on 14 July 1789 and continued until the rise of Napoleon
✨ French Society during the late 18^{th} century 🕰️
* The term Old Regime is usually used to describe the society and institutions of France before 1789. 📜
* The French Society before 1789 was divided into three estates. ⬇️
* The First Estate: It constituted of Clergy. 🙏
the Clergy. 💰 (Tax-free!)
* The Second Estate: It constituted of Nobility. The Nobility was also exempted from paying taxes along with
artisans, landless labour, servants, etc. 🧑🌾🧑⚖️
* The Third Estate: It constituted of big businessmen, merchants, court officials, lawyers, peasants and
⚖️ The Political System under the Constitution of 1791 🇫🇷
* France became a Constitutional Monarchy. 👑
elected. 🗳️
* The Constitution of 1791 vested the power to make laws in the National Assembly, which was indirectly
* The Constitution began with a declaration of Rights of Man and of other citizens. 📢
Judiciary, making France a Constitutional Monarchy. 🏛️
* Power was separated and assigned to different institutions such as the Legislature, Executive, and the
Citizenship under 1791 Constitution
* ACTIVE Citizens: entitled to vote. About 4 million of a population of 28 million. ✅
* PASSIVE Citizens: No voting rights. About 3 million men. ❌
* WOMEN, CHILDREN and YOUTH below 25 were also Passive Citizens. 👧👦
⚔️ The Outbreak of the Revolution 💥
* On 5 May 1789, Louis XVI called together an assembly of Estates General to pass proposals for new taxes. 📈
* The representatives of the first estate and the second estate sat facing each other on two sides. The third
🗣️
estate had to stand at the back. Third estate members demanded that each member be given one vote, but the
King rejected this.
🎾
* On 20 June 1789, the representatives of the 3rd estate assembled in the hall of an indoor tennis court in the
ground of Versailles and declared themselves a National Assembly.
militia. They broke out into a number of government buildings.
commander of Bastille was killed and the prisoners were released.
🏰🔓
* Storming of the Bastille: On 14 July 1789, thousands of people gathered and decided to storm a people's
The Bastille was stormed, and the
🩸 The Reign of Terror (1793-1794) 😱
⛓️
* On the morning of August 10, 1792, revolutionaries stormed the palace of the Tuileries and held the King
himself as a hostage for several hours.
💀
* Louis XVI was sentenced to death by a court on 21 January 1793 and was executed publicly at the place de la
Concorde.
🚨
* The period from 1793-1794 is referred as the Reign of Terror. Robespierre, who was the head of the
government of France, followed a policy of severe control and punishment.
🔪
* Ex-nobles and clergy, even members of his own party who did not agree with his methods were arrested,
imprisoned and then guillotined.
* Finally, Robespierre was guillotined in July 1794. 👋
🖐️ A Directory Rules France 📜
🏛️
* The Reign of Terror ended in 1794. A new constitution was prepared by the Convention, providing for a
republican form of government with a legislature and an executive body called the Directory.
* The Directory was an executive made up of five members called Directors. 🧑💼🧑💼🧑💼🧑💼🧑💼
* 🇫🇷 French Revolution is considered as the most important landmark in human history. ✨
monarchy and aimed at establishing an egalitarian society and responsible government. ⚖️
* The Revolution occurred in 1789 and swept away the existing political institutions, overthrew the French
Bonaparte to power. 💣
* The Revolution began with the Seize of Bastille on 14 July 1789 and continued until the rise of Napoleon
✨ French Society during the late 18^{th} century 🕰️
* The term Old Regime is usually used to describe the society and institutions of France before 1789. 📜
* The French Society before 1789 was divided into three estates. ⬇️
* The First Estate: It constituted of Clergy. 🙏
the Clergy. 💰 (Tax-free!)
* The Second Estate: It constituted of Nobility. The Nobility was also exempted from paying taxes along with
artisans, landless labour, servants, etc. 🧑🌾🧑⚖️
* The Third Estate: It constituted of big businessmen, merchants, court officials, lawyers, peasants and
⚖️ The Political System under the Constitution of 1791 🇫🇷
* France became a Constitutional Monarchy. 👑
elected. 🗳️
* The Constitution of 1791 vested the power to make laws in the National Assembly, which was indirectly
* The Constitution began with a declaration of Rights of Man and of other citizens. 📢
Judiciary, making France a Constitutional Monarchy. 🏛️
* Power was separated and assigned to different institutions such as the Legislature, Executive, and the
Citizenship under 1791 Constitution
* ACTIVE Citizens: entitled to vote. About 4 million of a population of 28 million. ✅
* PASSIVE Citizens: No voting rights. About 3 million men. ❌
* WOMEN, CHILDREN and YOUTH below 25 were also Passive Citizens. 👧👦
⚔️ The Outbreak of the Revolution 💥
* On 5 May 1789, Louis XVI called together an assembly of Estates General to pass proposals for new taxes. 📈
* The representatives of the first estate and the second estate sat facing each other on two sides. The third
🗣️
estate had to stand at the back. Third estate members demanded that each member be given one vote, but the
King rejected this.
🎾
* On 20 June 1789, the representatives of the 3rd estate assembled in the hall of an indoor tennis court in the
ground of Versailles and declared themselves a National Assembly.
militia. They broke out into a number of government buildings.
commander of Bastille was killed and the prisoners were released.
🏰🔓
* Storming of the Bastille: On 14 July 1789, thousands of people gathered and decided to storm a people's
The Bastille was stormed, and the
🩸 The Reign of Terror (1793-1794) 😱
⛓️
* On the morning of August 10, 1792, revolutionaries stormed the palace of the Tuileries and held the King
himself as a hostage for several hours.
💀
* Louis XVI was sentenced to death by a court on 21 January 1793 and was executed publicly at the place de la
Concorde.
🚨
* The period from 1793-1794 is referred as the Reign of Terror. Robespierre, who was the head of the
government of France, followed a policy of severe control and punishment.
🔪
* Ex-nobles and clergy, even members of his own party who did not agree with his methods were arrested,
imprisoned and then guillotined.
* Finally, Robespierre was guillotined in July 1794. 👋
🖐️ A Directory Rules France 📜
🏛️
* The Reign of Terror ended in 1794. A new constitution was prepared by the Convention, providing for a
republican form of government with a legislature and an executive body called the Directory.
* The Directory was an executive made up of five members called Directors. 🧑💼🧑💼🧑💼🧑💼🧑💼
