CITI Training Questions and Answers |
Latest Version | 2025/2026 | Correct &
Verified
What is the primary purpose of ethical guidelines in human subjects research?
✔✔ To protect participants’ rights, welfare, and safety while promoting responsible research.
What should a researcher do before collecting data from participants?
✔✔ Obtain IRB approval and informed consent.
Why is voluntary participation important in research?
✔✔ It ensures participants are free from coercion and can make informed decisions.
What is the difference between consent and assent?
✔✔ Consent is legal authorization from an adult participant; assent is agreement from a minor or
legally incapable participant.
How should researchers handle confidential participant data?
✔✔ Store it securely and limit access to authorized personnel only.
1
,What is a protocol deviation?
✔✔ Any unplanned change from the approved research procedures.
Why must researchers report adverse events to the IRB?
✔✔ To allow review, mitigation, and protection of participants.
What is a vulnerable population in research?
✔✔ Individuals who may have limited ability to provide informed consent or are at increased
risk of harm.
What should researchers do if they discover a conflict of interest?
✔✔ Disclose it to the institution and follow guidance for management.
Why is it important to avoid undue influence when recruiting participants?
✔✔ To ensure decisions to participate are voluntary and unbiased.
What is the purpose of ongoing monitoring in human subjects research?
2
, ✔✔ To ensure compliance with ethical standards and participant safety throughout the study.
What is a key principle of the Belmont Report?
✔✔ Respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.
What is beneficence in research ethics?
✔✔ The obligation to maximize benefits and minimize harm to participants.
What is justice in research ethics?
✔✔ Fair distribution of research risks and benefits among populations.
What is coercion in research?
✔✔ Using pressure or influence that overrides a participant’s free will.
What is the role of the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
✔✔ To review, approve, and monitor research involving human subjects.
When is parental permission required for research participation?
3
Latest Version | 2025/2026 | Correct &
Verified
What is the primary purpose of ethical guidelines in human subjects research?
✔✔ To protect participants’ rights, welfare, and safety while promoting responsible research.
What should a researcher do before collecting data from participants?
✔✔ Obtain IRB approval and informed consent.
Why is voluntary participation important in research?
✔✔ It ensures participants are free from coercion and can make informed decisions.
What is the difference between consent and assent?
✔✔ Consent is legal authorization from an adult participant; assent is agreement from a minor or
legally incapable participant.
How should researchers handle confidential participant data?
✔✔ Store it securely and limit access to authorized personnel only.
1
,What is a protocol deviation?
✔✔ Any unplanned change from the approved research procedures.
Why must researchers report adverse events to the IRB?
✔✔ To allow review, mitigation, and protection of participants.
What is a vulnerable population in research?
✔✔ Individuals who may have limited ability to provide informed consent or are at increased
risk of harm.
What should researchers do if they discover a conflict of interest?
✔✔ Disclose it to the institution and follow guidance for management.
Why is it important to avoid undue influence when recruiting participants?
✔✔ To ensure decisions to participate are voluntary and unbiased.
What is the purpose of ongoing monitoring in human subjects research?
2
, ✔✔ To ensure compliance with ethical standards and participant safety throughout the study.
What is a key principle of the Belmont Report?
✔✔ Respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.
What is beneficence in research ethics?
✔✔ The obligation to maximize benefits and minimize harm to participants.
What is justice in research ethics?
✔✔ Fair distribution of research risks and benefits among populations.
What is coercion in research?
✔✔ Using pressure or influence that overrides a participant’s free will.
What is the role of the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
✔✔ To review, approve, and monitor research involving human subjects.
When is parental permission required for research participation?
3
