CBIS EXAM WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) -ANSinjury that occurs after birth and includes injuries
caused by external physical forces and those caused by internal insults to the brain
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) -ANSAlternation to brain function caused by external forces
What are the 4 types of acquired brain injury? -ANS1. traumatic impact- open
2. traumatic impact- closed
3. traumatic inertial - DAI
4. non-traumatic injuries
coup-countercoup injury -ANSwith a blow to the head, the initial contusion/ laceration
will occur beneath point of impact (coup) and then occur on the contralateral to the site
of initial impact (countercoup)
Why is brain injury called the "silent epidemic"? -ANSMany deficits caused by brain
injury can be invisible (not immediately apparent)
What are primary injuries? -ANSthe INITIAL damage to the brain as a result of a
traumatic event
examples:
-laceration
-contusion
-torn blood vessels
-acceleration/deceleration (coup/contracoup)
-foreign object penetration
What are common secondary injuries? -ANS1. hydrocephalus
2. edema
3. hypoxia intracranial hemorrhages
Mild LOC may last how long? -ANSbrief of no LOC
Moderate LOC may last how long? -ANSLOC up to 24 hours
Severe LOC may last how long? -ANSLOC greater than 24 hours
List 5 risk factors for brain injury -ANS1. Age (15-19, 20-24, 65+)
,2. alcohol use
3. military action
4. domestic violence
5. prisons
6. sport-injury
Age Groups with Highest Rates of Brain Injury due to Falls -ANS(0-4 years old) 50% of
all TBIs
(65+ years old) 61% of all TBIs
Age Group with Highest Rate of Death from TBI -ANSAdults 75+ years old
Highest Rates of Death from TBI (all causes) -ANSAdults 75+ years old
Highest Rates of Death from TBI (Firearms) -ANSAdults 20-24 years old and Adults 75+
years old
Percentage of Children with TBI from Physical Abuse -ANS67% (0-3 years old)
Highest Rate of TBI from MVAs -ANSAdults 20-24 years old
Highest Rates of TBI Deaths from MVAs -ANSTeenagers 16-19 years old
Is the progression along the continuum of care linear? -ANSNo, due to risk factors,
comorbidities, medical complications, treatment options, funding, etc.
Who establishes standards for rehabilitation facilities? -ANSCommission on
Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF)
Olmstead Decision -ANSRequires states to administer services, programs, and
activities, in the most integrated setting appropriate to the needs of individuals with
disabilities.
- increased opportunities for federal and state initiatives that make community living
more accessible
What agency funds the TBI Model Systems? -ANSUS Dept of Health and Human
Services
Why is TBIMS data important? -ANSincreases understanding of recovery and outcomes
of TBI via longitudinal studies
What is meant by disease-causative and disease- alternative? -ANSBrain injuries due
not maintain a static state. TBI can both cause disease or accelerate disease down the
road. Chronic progressive conditions.
, These 4 conditions cause individuals with brain injury to be at an increased risk of death
(4 reasons) -ANS1. seizures
2. pneumonia
3. respiratory problems
4. circulatory problems
Name 2 neurological conditions associated with brain injury -ANS1. epilepsy
2. Alzheimer's - CTE
Name 3 neuro-endocrine disorders associated with brain injury -ANS1. Growth
Hormone insufficiency
2. Hypothyroidism (low thyroid function)
3. Gonadotropin deficiency
P-A-D (meninges) -ANS1. pia mater
2. arachnoid
3. dura mater
What are the 3 parts of a neuron? -ANS1. cell body
2. axon
3. dendrites
What is the function of the blood brain barrier? -ANSEnsures that harmful substances
can not pass through the membrane and harm the brain
Synaptic cleft -ANSArea for which neurotransmitter can cross from cell to cell when
action potentials are triggered
Medulla -ANSControls involuntary functions (HR, BP, swallow)
Injury to this area can threaten life immediately
Pons -ANSEnables thinking part of brain to work with the movement part of the brain
Consequences of injury can cause loss of ability to coordinate/ control body movements
Midbrain -ANSseeing and hearing functions, alertness and arousal
Consequences of injury to this area can cause damage BP, sleep/wake cycle, breathing
function - can lead to DOC injury
What are the 4 functions of the Reticular Activating System (RAS)? -ANS1. arousal
2. alertness
3. concentration
4. basic biological rhythms
SOLUTIONS
Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) -ANSinjury that occurs after birth and includes injuries
caused by external physical forces and those caused by internal insults to the brain
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) -ANSAlternation to brain function caused by external forces
What are the 4 types of acquired brain injury? -ANS1. traumatic impact- open
2. traumatic impact- closed
3. traumatic inertial - DAI
4. non-traumatic injuries
coup-countercoup injury -ANSwith a blow to the head, the initial contusion/ laceration
will occur beneath point of impact (coup) and then occur on the contralateral to the site
of initial impact (countercoup)
Why is brain injury called the "silent epidemic"? -ANSMany deficits caused by brain
injury can be invisible (not immediately apparent)
What are primary injuries? -ANSthe INITIAL damage to the brain as a result of a
traumatic event
examples:
-laceration
-contusion
-torn blood vessels
-acceleration/deceleration (coup/contracoup)
-foreign object penetration
What are common secondary injuries? -ANS1. hydrocephalus
2. edema
3. hypoxia intracranial hemorrhages
Mild LOC may last how long? -ANSbrief of no LOC
Moderate LOC may last how long? -ANSLOC up to 24 hours
Severe LOC may last how long? -ANSLOC greater than 24 hours
List 5 risk factors for brain injury -ANS1. Age (15-19, 20-24, 65+)
,2. alcohol use
3. military action
4. domestic violence
5. prisons
6. sport-injury
Age Groups with Highest Rates of Brain Injury due to Falls -ANS(0-4 years old) 50% of
all TBIs
(65+ years old) 61% of all TBIs
Age Group with Highest Rate of Death from TBI -ANSAdults 75+ years old
Highest Rates of Death from TBI (all causes) -ANSAdults 75+ years old
Highest Rates of Death from TBI (Firearms) -ANSAdults 20-24 years old and Adults 75+
years old
Percentage of Children with TBI from Physical Abuse -ANS67% (0-3 years old)
Highest Rate of TBI from MVAs -ANSAdults 20-24 years old
Highest Rates of TBI Deaths from MVAs -ANSTeenagers 16-19 years old
Is the progression along the continuum of care linear? -ANSNo, due to risk factors,
comorbidities, medical complications, treatment options, funding, etc.
Who establishes standards for rehabilitation facilities? -ANSCommission on
Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF)
Olmstead Decision -ANSRequires states to administer services, programs, and
activities, in the most integrated setting appropriate to the needs of individuals with
disabilities.
- increased opportunities for federal and state initiatives that make community living
more accessible
What agency funds the TBI Model Systems? -ANSUS Dept of Health and Human
Services
Why is TBIMS data important? -ANSincreases understanding of recovery and outcomes
of TBI via longitudinal studies
What is meant by disease-causative and disease- alternative? -ANSBrain injuries due
not maintain a static state. TBI can both cause disease or accelerate disease down the
road. Chronic progressive conditions.
, These 4 conditions cause individuals with brain injury to be at an increased risk of death
(4 reasons) -ANS1. seizures
2. pneumonia
3. respiratory problems
4. circulatory problems
Name 2 neurological conditions associated with brain injury -ANS1. epilepsy
2. Alzheimer's - CTE
Name 3 neuro-endocrine disorders associated with brain injury -ANS1. Growth
Hormone insufficiency
2. Hypothyroidism (low thyroid function)
3. Gonadotropin deficiency
P-A-D (meninges) -ANS1. pia mater
2. arachnoid
3. dura mater
What are the 3 parts of a neuron? -ANS1. cell body
2. axon
3. dendrites
What is the function of the blood brain barrier? -ANSEnsures that harmful substances
can not pass through the membrane and harm the brain
Synaptic cleft -ANSArea for which neurotransmitter can cross from cell to cell when
action potentials are triggered
Medulla -ANSControls involuntary functions (HR, BP, swallow)
Injury to this area can threaten life immediately
Pons -ANSEnables thinking part of brain to work with the movement part of the brain
Consequences of injury can cause loss of ability to coordinate/ control body movements
Midbrain -ANSseeing and hearing functions, alertness and arousal
Consequences of injury to this area can cause damage BP, sleep/wake cycle, breathing
function - can lead to DOC injury
What are the 4 functions of the Reticular Activating System (RAS)? -ANS1. arousal
2. alertness
3. concentration
4. basic biological rhythms
