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1. A nurse is caring for a 5-year-old child
Physical Examination:
1510:
Upon visual inspection, throat is inflamed, tonsils appear pink, reddened and
epiglottis is edematous and cherry red in appearance. Skin appears pale. Stri-
dor noted upon inspiration with diminished bilateral lung sounds.
Nurse's Notes:
1500
Child accompanied to emergency department by caregiver. Caregiver states
child has a sore throat and reports the child has "pain on swallowing" and
denies cough. Child is agitated and lean: Condition: Epiglottis
Actions: Initiate droplet precautions and request a prescription for IV antibiotics
Monitors: Breath sounds and temperature
The nurse should anticipate initiating droplet precautions and requesting a prescription for IV antibiotics. The child is
,most likely experiencing epiglottis because of the clinical manifestations of a high fever, inflammation and redness of
the throat, pale skin, stridor with inspiration, painful swallowing, no cough, is sitting in tripod position, and drooling.
The nurse should monitor the child's temperature and breath sounds.
2. A nurse is caring for a client who is on the spinal cord injury (SCI) unit
Nurses' Notes
Day 3, 1700
Client admitted to SCI unit 3 days ago following C7 injury. Skin is cool, pale,
and dry to touch. Respirations easy and unlabored. Lung sounds diminished
in lower lobes. Abdomen soft and nondistended with active bowel sounds.
Client passed a small amount of hard formed stool this AM. Indwelling urinary
catheter draining clear yellow urine. Deep tendon reflexes (DTR) are biceps 1+,
triceps 1+, pa: The client is most likely experiencing manifestations of pneumonia and autonomic dysreflexia.
The nurse should analyze cues from the client's manifestations and determine that the client is most likely experiencing
manifestations of pneumonia and autonomic dysreflexia. A client who has a cervical SCI is at risk for respiratory
,complications because spinal innervation to the respiratory muscles is disrupted. Adventitious breath sounds in the
lower lobes bilaterally and a decrease in oxygen saturation to less than 92% can indicate pneumonia. The client's sudden
increase in blood pressure, bradycardia, flushing of the skin above the area of the injury, headache, and blurred vision
are manifestations of autonomic dysreflexia, which can be a life-threatening condition.
3. A nurse is caring for a client who has abdominal pain
Nurses' Notes
0900
Client reports loss of appetite, weight loss, and fatigue for 1 week. Reports
abdominal pain, 6 on a scale from 0 to 10, for 2 days. Client is a perioperative
nurse, returned 1 week ago from a 2-week mission trip to an underdeveloped
country
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Results of antibody studies obtained. Provider prescription for antiviral med-
ication pending.
Physical Examination
0930
Lung sounds clear bilaterally. Skin warm to touch and jau: Hepatitis A: Client's risk from
fecal-oral transmission, laboratory results, and physical examination findings
Hepatitis B: Antiviral treatment, laboratory results, client's risk from bloodborne transmission, physical examination
findings
Hepatitis C: Antiviral treatment, laboratory results, client's risk from bloodborne transmission, and physical examination
, findings
When analyzing cues, the nurse should recognize that manifestations of hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C include
jaundice, yellow sclerae, right upper quandrant pain upon palpation, dark yellow urine, and elevated AST and ALT levels.
When analyzing cues, the nurse should also recognize the client's risk for contracting hepatitis A through the fecal-oral
route during recent travel to an underdeveloped country and the client's occupational risk as a perioperative nurse for