TEST BANK
Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology
Tommie L. Norris
5th Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01: Concepts of Health and Disease 1
Chapter 02: Cell and Tissue Characteristics 13
Chapter 03: Cellular Adaptation, Injury, and Death 24
Chapter 04: Genetic Control of Cell Function and Inheritance 35
Chapter 05: Genetic and Congenital Disorders 46
Chapter 06: Neoplasia 57
Chapter 07: Stress and Adaptation 69
Chapter 08: Disorders of Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Balance 80
Chapter 09: Inflammation, Tissue Repair, and Wound Healing 91
Chapter 10: Mechanisms of Infectious Disease 102
Chapter 11: Innate and Adaptive Immunity 113
Chapter 12: Disorders of the Immune Response, Including HIV-AIDS 124
Chapter 13: Organization and Control of Neural Function 136
Chapter 14: Somatosensory Function, Pain, Headache, and Temperature Regulation 147
Chapter 15: Disorders of Motor Function 158
Chapter 16: Disorders of Brain Function 169
Chapter 17: Sleep and Sleep–Wake Disorders 181
Chapter 18: Disorders of Thought, Emotion, and Memory 192
Chapter 19: Disorders of Visual Function 203
Chapter 20: Disorders of Hearing and Vestibular Function 214
Chapter 21: Blood Cells and the Hematopoietic System 225
Chapter 22: Disorders of Hemostasis 235
Chapter 23: Disorders of Red Blood Cells 247
Chapter 24: Disorders of White Blood Cells and Lymphoid Tissues 258
Chapter 25: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular System 269
Chapter 26: Disorders of Blood Flow and Blood Pressure Regulation 280
Chapter 27: Disorders of Cardiac Function, and Heart Failure and Circulatory Shock 291
Chapter 28: Disorders of Cardiac Conduction and Rhythm 302
Chapter 29: Structure and Function of the Respiratory System 314
Chapter 30: Respiratory Tract Infections, Neoplasms, and Childhood Disorders 325
Chapter 31: Disorders of Ventilation and Gas Exchange 336
Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Kidney 347
Chapter 33: Disorders of Renal Function 357
Chapter 34: Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease 369
Chapter 35: Disorders of the Bladder and Lower Urinary Tract 381
Chapter 36: Structure and Function of the Gastrointestinal System 393
Chapter 37: Disorders of Gastrointestinal Function 404
Chapter 38: Disorders of Hepatobiliary and Exocrine Pancreas Function 417
Chapter 39: Alterations in Nutritional Status 429
Chapter 40: Mechanisms of Endocrine Control 440
,Chapter 41: Disorders of Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism 451
Chapter 42: Structure and Function of the Male Genitourinary System 463
Chapter 43: Disorders of the Male Reproductive System 474
Chapter 44: Structure and Function of the Female Reproductive System 486
Chapter 45: Disorders of the Female Reproductive System 497
Chapter 46: Sexually Transmitted Infections 508
Chapter 47: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System 520
Chapter 48: Disorders of Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, Neoplasm 531
Chapter 49: Disorders of Musculoskeletal Function: Developmental & Metabolic
Disorders, Activity Intolerance, & Fatigue 543
Chapter 50: Disorders of Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders 554
Chapter 51: Structure and Function of the Skin 566
Chapter 52: Disorders of Skin Integrity and Function 577
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 5th Edition (Norris, 2020)
Chapter 1: Concepts of Health and Disease
1. While attending an international nursing conference, many discussions and break-out
sessions focused on the World Health Organization's (WHO) views on health. Of the
following comments made by nurses during a discussion session, which statements would
be considered a good representation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply.
A. Interests in keeping the older adult population engaged in such activities as book
reviews and word games during social time
B. Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled care
facilities
C. Interventions geared toward keeping the older adult population diagnosed with
diabetes mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-home cooking
classes
D. Providing transportation for renal dialysis clients to and from their hemodialysis
sessions
E. Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children
ANS: A, B, C, E
Rationale: WHO definition of health is defined as "a state of complete physical, mental, and
social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity." Engaging in book
reviews facilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics helps facilitate physical
well-being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes helps with facilitating physical
well-being (even though the person has a chronic disease). Handwashing is vital in the
prevention of disease and spread of germs.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 2
NAT: Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter 1: Concepts of Health and Disease
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Select
2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the large variety of
factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is referring to the
Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services as a
teaching example. Of the following aspects discussed, which would be considered a
determinant of health that is outside the focus of this report?
A. The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American/First
Nation descent and practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects of
stress.
B. The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to
hypercholesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime.
C. The client has a good career with exceptional preventive health care benefits.
D. The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to many
health care facilities.
ANS: B
______________________________________________________________________________________________
1|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 5th Edition (Norris, 2020)
Rationale: In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using
alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and promoting
health for all (which includes having good health care benefits); and promoting good health
(which includes living in a clean community with good access to health care). Being
noncompliant with treatments to control high cholesterol levels with a family history to CV
disease does not meet the "attaining lives free of preventable disease and premature death"
goal/objective.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 2
NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter 1: Concepts of Health and Disease
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
3. A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of a number
of clients who are under his care in a hospital context. Which aspect of clients' situations
best characterizes pathogenesis rather than etiology?
A. A client who has been exposed to the mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium.
B. A client who is has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis.
C. A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning.
D. A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident.
ANS: B
Rationale: Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such as
the increasing ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria, poisons, and
traumatic injuries are examples of etiologic factors.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 3
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
TOP: Chapter 1: Concepts of Health and Disease
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
4. A new client who suffered a myocardial infarction requires angioplasty and stent placement.
He has arrived to his first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a review
of the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease is addressed. Which statement by the client
verifies to the nurse that he has understood the nurse's teachings about coronary artery
disease?
A. "All I have to do is stop smoking and then I won't have any more heart attacks."
B. "My artery was clogged by fat so I will need to stop eating fatty foods like french
fries every day."
C. "Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made it easy
to form fatty streaks which led to my clogged artery."
D. " If you do not exercise regularly to get your heart rate up, blood pools in the veins
causing a clot which stops blood flow to the muscle and you have a heart attack."
ANS: C
Rationale: The true etiology/cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown; however,
the pathogenesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory process from
a fatty streak to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with coronary artery disease. Risk
factors for CAD revolve around cigarette smoking, diet high in fat, and lack of exercise.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
2|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 5th Edition (Norris, 2020)
PTS: 1 REF: p. 3
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
TOP: Chapter 1: Concepts of Health and Disease
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
5. A 77-year-old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing the
client for the first time. Which aspect of the client's current state of health would be best
characterized as a symptom rather than a sign?
A. The client's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oximetry.
B. The client notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine.
C. The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the client's lower lung fields bilaterally.
D. The client's respiratory rate is 31 breaths per minute.
ANS: B
Rationale: Symptoms are subjective reports by the person experiencing the health problem,
such as reports of breathing difficulty. Oxygen levels, listening to breath sounds, and
respiratory rate are all objective, observable signs of disease.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 5
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
TOP: Chapter 1: Concepts of Health and Disease
BLM: Cognitive Level: Analyze NOT: Multiple Choice
6. Which situation would be classified as a complication of a disease or outcome from the
treatment regimen? Select all that apply.
A. Massive pulmonary emboli following diagnosis of new onset atrial fibrillation.
B. Burning, intense incision pain following surgery to remove a portion of colon due
to intestinal aganglionosis.
C. Development of pulmonary fibrosis following treatment with bleomycin, an
antibiotic chemotherapy agent used in treatment of lymphoma.
D. Gradual deterioration in ability to walk unassisted for a client diagnosed with
Parkinson disease.
E. Loss of short-term memory in a client diagnosed with Alzheimer disease.
ANS: A, C
Rationale: Development of pulmonary emboli and pulmonary fibrosis following
chemotherapy are both examples of a complication (adverse extensions of a disease or
outcome from treatment). It is normal to expect incisional pain following surgery. As
Parkinson disease progresses, the ability to walk independently is expected to decrease. This
is a normal progression for people diagnosed with Parkinson disease. Loss of short-term
memory in a client diagnosed with Alzheimer disease is an expected finding.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 3
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
TOP: Chapter 1: Concepts of Health and Disease
BLM: Cognitive Level: Analyze NOT: Multiple Select
7. Laboratory testing is ordered for a male client during a clinic visit for routine follow-up
assessment of hypertension. When interpreting lab values, the nurse knows:
______________________________________________________________________________________________
3|Page
Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology
Tommie L. Norris
5th Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01: Concepts of Health and Disease 1
Chapter 02: Cell and Tissue Characteristics 13
Chapter 03: Cellular Adaptation, Injury, and Death 24
Chapter 04: Genetic Control of Cell Function and Inheritance 35
Chapter 05: Genetic and Congenital Disorders 46
Chapter 06: Neoplasia 57
Chapter 07: Stress and Adaptation 69
Chapter 08: Disorders of Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Balance 80
Chapter 09: Inflammation, Tissue Repair, and Wound Healing 91
Chapter 10: Mechanisms of Infectious Disease 102
Chapter 11: Innate and Adaptive Immunity 113
Chapter 12: Disorders of the Immune Response, Including HIV-AIDS 124
Chapter 13: Organization and Control of Neural Function 136
Chapter 14: Somatosensory Function, Pain, Headache, and Temperature Regulation 147
Chapter 15: Disorders of Motor Function 158
Chapter 16: Disorders of Brain Function 169
Chapter 17: Sleep and Sleep–Wake Disorders 181
Chapter 18: Disorders of Thought, Emotion, and Memory 192
Chapter 19: Disorders of Visual Function 203
Chapter 20: Disorders of Hearing and Vestibular Function 214
Chapter 21: Blood Cells and the Hematopoietic System 225
Chapter 22: Disorders of Hemostasis 235
Chapter 23: Disorders of Red Blood Cells 247
Chapter 24: Disorders of White Blood Cells and Lymphoid Tissues 258
Chapter 25: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular System 269
Chapter 26: Disorders of Blood Flow and Blood Pressure Regulation 280
Chapter 27: Disorders of Cardiac Function, and Heart Failure and Circulatory Shock 291
Chapter 28: Disorders of Cardiac Conduction and Rhythm 302
Chapter 29: Structure and Function of the Respiratory System 314
Chapter 30: Respiratory Tract Infections, Neoplasms, and Childhood Disorders 325
Chapter 31: Disorders of Ventilation and Gas Exchange 336
Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Kidney 347
Chapter 33: Disorders of Renal Function 357
Chapter 34: Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease 369
Chapter 35: Disorders of the Bladder and Lower Urinary Tract 381
Chapter 36: Structure and Function of the Gastrointestinal System 393
Chapter 37: Disorders of Gastrointestinal Function 404
Chapter 38: Disorders of Hepatobiliary and Exocrine Pancreas Function 417
Chapter 39: Alterations in Nutritional Status 429
Chapter 40: Mechanisms of Endocrine Control 440
,Chapter 41: Disorders of Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism 451
Chapter 42: Structure and Function of the Male Genitourinary System 463
Chapter 43: Disorders of the Male Reproductive System 474
Chapter 44: Structure and Function of the Female Reproductive System 486
Chapter 45: Disorders of the Female Reproductive System 497
Chapter 46: Sexually Transmitted Infections 508
Chapter 47: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System 520
Chapter 48: Disorders of Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, Neoplasm 531
Chapter 49: Disorders of Musculoskeletal Function: Developmental & Metabolic
Disorders, Activity Intolerance, & Fatigue 543
Chapter 50: Disorders of Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders 554
Chapter 51: Structure and Function of the Skin 566
Chapter 52: Disorders of Skin Integrity and Function 577
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 5th Edition (Norris, 2020)
Chapter 1: Concepts of Health and Disease
1. While attending an international nursing conference, many discussions and break-out
sessions focused on the World Health Organization's (WHO) views on health. Of the
following comments made by nurses during a discussion session, which statements would
be considered a good representation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply.
A. Interests in keeping the older adult population engaged in such activities as book
reviews and word games during social time
B. Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled care
facilities
C. Interventions geared toward keeping the older adult population diagnosed with
diabetes mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-home cooking
classes
D. Providing transportation for renal dialysis clients to and from their hemodialysis
sessions
E. Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children
ANS: A, B, C, E
Rationale: WHO definition of health is defined as "a state of complete physical, mental, and
social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity." Engaging in book
reviews facilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics helps facilitate physical
well-being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes helps with facilitating physical
well-being (even though the person has a chronic disease). Handwashing is vital in the
prevention of disease and spread of germs.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 2
NAT: Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
TOP: Chapter 1: Concepts of Health and Disease
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Select
2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the large variety of
factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is referring to the
Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services as a
teaching example. Of the following aspects discussed, which would be considered a
determinant of health that is outside the focus of this report?
A. The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American/First
Nation descent and practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects of
stress.
B. The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to
hypercholesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime.
C. The client has a good career with exceptional preventive health care benefits.
D. The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to many
health care facilities.
ANS: B
______________________________________________________________________________________________
1|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 5th Edition (Norris, 2020)
Rationale: In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using
alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and promoting
health for all (which includes having good health care benefits); and promoting good health
(which includes living in a clean community with good access to health care). Being
noncompliant with treatments to control high cholesterol levels with a family history to CV
disease does not meet the "attaining lives free of preventable disease and premature death"
goal/objective.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 2
NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
TOP: Chapter 1: Concepts of Health and Disease
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
3. A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of a number
of clients who are under his care in a hospital context. Which aspect of clients' situations
best characterizes pathogenesis rather than etiology?
A. A client who has been exposed to the mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium.
B. A client who is has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis.
C. A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning.
D. A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident.
ANS: B
Rationale: Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such as
the increasing ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria, poisons, and
traumatic injuries are examples of etiologic factors.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 3
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
TOP: Chapter 1: Concepts of Health and Disease
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
4. A new client who suffered a myocardial infarction requires angioplasty and stent placement.
He has arrived to his first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a review
of the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease is addressed. Which statement by the client
verifies to the nurse that he has understood the nurse's teachings about coronary artery
disease?
A. "All I have to do is stop smoking and then I won't have any more heart attacks."
B. "My artery was clogged by fat so I will need to stop eating fatty foods like french
fries every day."
C. "Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made it easy
to form fatty streaks which led to my clogged artery."
D. " If you do not exercise regularly to get your heart rate up, blood pools in the veins
causing a clot which stops blood flow to the muscle and you have a heart attack."
ANS: C
Rationale: The true etiology/cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown; however,
the pathogenesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory process from
a fatty streak to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with coronary artery disease. Risk
factors for CAD revolve around cigarette smoking, diet high in fat, and lack of exercise.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
2|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 5th Edition (Norris, 2020)
PTS: 1 REF: p. 3
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
TOP: Chapter 1: Concepts of Health and Disease
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply NOT: Multiple Choice
5. A 77-year-old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing the
client for the first time. Which aspect of the client's current state of health would be best
characterized as a symptom rather than a sign?
A. The client's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oximetry.
B. The client notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine.
C. The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the client's lower lung fields bilaterally.
D. The client's respiratory rate is 31 breaths per minute.
ANS: B
Rationale: Symptoms are subjective reports by the person experiencing the health problem,
such as reports of breathing difficulty. Oxygen levels, listening to breath sounds, and
respiratory rate are all objective, observable signs of disease.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 5
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
TOP: Chapter 1: Concepts of Health and Disease
BLM: Cognitive Level: Analyze NOT: Multiple Choice
6. Which situation would be classified as a complication of a disease or outcome from the
treatment regimen? Select all that apply.
A. Massive pulmonary emboli following diagnosis of new onset atrial fibrillation.
B. Burning, intense incision pain following surgery to remove a portion of colon due
to intestinal aganglionosis.
C. Development of pulmonary fibrosis following treatment with bleomycin, an
antibiotic chemotherapy agent used in treatment of lymphoma.
D. Gradual deterioration in ability to walk unassisted for a client diagnosed with
Parkinson disease.
E. Loss of short-term memory in a client diagnosed with Alzheimer disease.
ANS: A, C
Rationale: Development of pulmonary emboli and pulmonary fibrosis following
chemotherapy are both examples of a complication (adverse extensions of a disease or
outcome from treatment). It is normal to expect incisional pain following surgery. As
Parkinson disease progresses, the ability to walk independently is expected to decrease. This
is a normal progression for people diagnosed with Parkinson disease. Loss of short-term
memory in a client diagnosed with Alzheimer disease is an expected finding.
PTS: 1 REF: p. 3
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
TOP: Chapter 1: Concepts of Health and Disease
BLM: Cognitive Level: Analyze NOT: Multiple Select
7. Laboratory testing is ordered for a male client during a clinic visit for routine follow-up
assessment of hypertension. When interpreting lab values, the nurse knows:
______________________________________________________________________________________________
3|Page
