Fundamentals exam 2- midterm with nutrition,
communication, documentation, med administration and
math Questions With Complete Solutions
ISBAR communication
Identify-identify yourself and give the reason for why calling
Situation-give the patients age and gender and what their general
status is now
Background-give relevant details such as health history and
presenting problems
Assessment-put it all together, their current condition, risk and
needs, and what their assessment is
Recommendation-be clear about what you are requesting
whether it is transfer, review, treatment. And state when this
should happen
-is a mnemonic created to improve safety in the transfer of
critical information
Medication and IV therapy
One strategy they often use is medication, a substance used in
the diagnosis, treatment, cure, relief, or prevention of health
problems. No matter where patients receive health care (i.e.,
hospitals, clinics, or home), nurses play an essential role in
preparing, administering, and evaluating the effects of
medications
pharmaceutical concepts
,Drug names:
Chemical—provides the exact description of medication's
composition
-medication provides an exact description of its composition and
molecular structure. Nurses rarely use chemical names in
clinical practice.
example: N-acetyl-para-aminophenol, which is commonly
known as Tylenol
Generic—the manufacturer who first develops the drug assigns
the name, and it is then listed in the U.S. Pharmacopeia
--Acetaminophen is an example of the generic name for Tylenol
Trade—also known as brand or proprietary name. This is the
name under which a manufacturer markets the medication.
-The trade name, brand name, or proprietary name is the name
under which a manufacturer markets a medication. The trade
name has the symbol (™) at the upper right of the name,
indicating that the manufacturer has trademarked the name of
the medication
Classification
Effect of medication on body system
Symptoms the medication relieves
Medication's desired effect
-indicates the effect of a medication on a body system, the
symptoms a medication relieves, or its desired effect. Usually
each class contains more than one medication that is used for the
same type of health problem
medication forms
,Solid
Liquid
Powder
Topical
Parenteral
Forms for instillation into body cavities
-are available in a variety of forms, or preparations. The form of
the medication determines its route of administration. The
composition of a medication enhances its absorption and
metabolism.
-fast form of absorption for medication is intravenous
Pharmokinetics
The study of how medications:
Enter the body
Are absorbed and distributed into cells, tissues, or organs
Reach their site of action
Alter physiological functions
Are metabolized
Exit the body
-is the study of how medications enter the body, reach their site
of action, metabolize, and exit the body.
absorption
Passage of medication molecules into the blood from the site of
administration
Factors that influence absorption:
Route of administration-medications placed on the skin are
slower because they must absorb through the skin, orally they
, take longer because they must be absorbed through the GI tract,
IV medications are the fast absorbed
Ability to dissolve-The body absorbs solutions and suspensions
already in a liquid state more readily than tablets or capsules.
Blood flow to site of administration-Medications are absorbed as
blood comes in contact with the site of administration, the richer
the blood supply the more easily absorbed
Body surface area-when medications come in contact with areas
that have more surface area, it is absorbed quicker
Lipid solubility of medication
-occurs when medication molecules pass into the blood from the
site of medication administration. Factors that influence
absorption are the route of administration, ability of the
medication to dissolve, blood flow to the site of administration,
body surface area (BSA), and lipid solubility of medication.
distribution
After absorption, distribution occurs within the body to tissues,
organs, and specific sites of action. The Distribution depends on
the
Physical and chemical properties of the medication and the
Physiology of the person taking it
Circulation- once medicine reaches blood stream it goes directly
to tissues, how fast it reaches a site depends on the vascularity of
the various tissues and organs.
Membrane permeability-Membrane permeability refers to the
ability of a medication to pass through tissues and membranes to
enter target cells. some membranes only serve as a barrier, such
as the blood borne membrane allows only fat soluble
communication, documentation, med administration and
math Questions With Complete Solutions
ISBAR communication
Identify-identify yourself and give the reason for why calling
Situation-give the patients age and gender and what their general
status is now
Background-give relevant details such as health history and
presenting problems
Assessment-put it all together, their current condition, risk and
needs, and what their assessment is
Recommendation-be clear about what you are requesting
whether it is transfer, review, treatment. And state when this
should happen
-is a mnemonic created to improve safety in the transfer of
critical information
Medication and IV therapy
One strategy they often use is medication, a substance used in
the diagnosis, treatment, cure, relief, or prevention of health
problems. No matter where patients receive health care (i.e.,
hospitals, clinics, or home), nurses play an essential role in
preparing, administering, and evaluating the effects of
medications
pharmaceutical concepts
,Drug names:
Chemical—provides the exact description of medication's
composition
-medication provides an exact description of its composition and
molecular structure. Nurses rarely use chemical names in
clinical practice.
example: N-acetyl-para-aminophenol, which is commonly
known as Tylenol
Generic—the manufacturer who first develops the drug assigns
the name, and it is then listed in the U.S. Pharmacopeia
--Acetaminophen is an example of the generic name for Tylenol
Trade—also known as brand or proprietary name. This is the
name under which a manufacturer markets the medication.
-The trade name, brand name, or proprietary name is the name
under which a manufacturer markets a medication. The trade
name has the symbol (™) at the upper right of the name,
indicating that the manufacturer has trademarked the name of
the medication
Classification
Effect of medication on body system
Symptoms the medication relieves
Medication's desired effect
-indicates the effect of a medication on a body system, the
symptoms a medication relieves, or its desired effect. Usually
each class contains more than one medication that is used for the
same type of health problem
medication forms
,Solid
Liquid
Powder
Topical
Parenteral
Forms for instillation into body cavities
-are available in a variety of forms, or preparations. The form of
the medication determines its route of administration. The
composition of a medication enhances its absorption and
metabolism.
-fast form of absorption for medication is intravenous
Pharmokinetics
The study of how medications:
Enter the body
Are absorbed and distributed into cells, tissues, or organs
Reach their site of action
Alter physiological functions
Are metabolized
Exit the body
-is the study of how medications enter the body, reach their site
of action, metabolize, and exit the body.
absorption
Passage of medication molecules into the blood from the site of
administration
Factors that influence absorption:
Route of administration-medications placed on the skin are
slower because they must absorb through the skin, orally they
, take longer because they must be absorbed through the GI tract,
IV medications are the fast absorbed
Ability to dissolve-The body absorbs solutions and suspensions
already in a liquid state more readily than tablets or capsules.
Blood flow to site of administration-Medications are absorbed as
blood comes in contact with the site of administration, the richer
the blood supply the more easily absorbed
Body surface area-when medications come in contact with areas
that have more surface area, it is absorbed quicker
Lipid solubility of medication
-occurs when medication molecules pass into the blood from the
site of medication administration. Factors that influence
absorption are the route of administration, ability of the
medication to dissolve, blood flow to the site of administration,
body surface area (BSA), and lipid solubility of medication.
distribution
After absorption, distribution occurs within the body to tissues,
organs, and specific sites of action. The Distribution depends on
the
Physical and chemical properties of the medication and the
Physiology of the person taking it
Circulation- once medicine reaches blood stream it goes directly
to tissues, how fast it reaches a site depends on the vascularity of
the various tissues and organs.
Membrane permeability-Membrane permeability refers to the
ability of a medication to pass through tissues and membranes to
enter target cells. some membranes only serve as a barrier, such
as the blood borne membrane allows only fat soluble
