Test Bank For Pathophysiology 9th Edition McCance The Biologic
Basis for Disease in Adults and Children By Julia Rogers
TEST BANK
,Chapter t601: t6Cellular t6Biology
McCance/Huether: t6Pathophysiology: t6The t6Biologic t6Basis t6of t6Disease t6in t6Adults t6and t6Children, t69th t6Edition
MULTIPLE t6CHOICE
1. Which t6statement t6best t6describes t6the t6cellular t6function t6of t6metabolic t6absorption?
a. Cells t6can t6produce t6proteins.
b. Cells t6can t6secrete t6digestive t6enzymes.
c. Cells t6can t6take t6in t6and t6use t6nutrients.
d. Cells t6can t6synthesize t6fats.
ANS: t 6 C
In t6metabolic t6absorption, t6all t6cells t6take t6in t6and t6use t6nutrients t6and t6other t6substances t6from
t6their t6surroundings. t6The t6remaining t6options t6are t6not t6inclusive t6in t6their t6descriptions t6of
t6cellular t6metabolic t6absorption.
PTS: t6 t6 1 DIF: t 6 Cognitive t6Level: t6Remembering
2. Where t6is t6most t6of t6a t6cell’s t6genetic t6information, t6including t6RNA t6and t6DNA, t6contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: t 6 C
The t6nucleus t6contains t6the t6nucleolus, t6a t6small t6dense t6structure t6composed t6largely t6of
t6RNA, t6most t6of t6the t6cellular t6DNA, t6and t6the t6DNA-binding t6proteins, t6such t6as t6the
t6histones, t6which t6regulate t6its t6activity. t6The t6mitochondria t6are t6responsible t6for t6cellular
t6respiration t6and t6energy t6production.
Ribosomes’ t6chief t6function t6is t6to t6provide t6sites t6for t6cellular t6protein t6synthesis.
t6Lysosomes t6function t6as t6the t6intracellular t6digestive t6system.
PTS: t6 t6 1 DIF: t 6 Cognitive t6Level: t6Remembering
3. Which t6component t6of t6the t6cell t6produces t6hydrogen t6peroxide t6(H2O2) t6byt6using t6oxygen t6to
remove t6hydrogen t6atoms t6from t6specific t6substrates t6in t6an t6oxidative t6reaction?
t6
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: t 6 B
Peroxisomes t6are t6so t6named t6because t6they t6usually t6contain t6enzymes t6that t6use t6oxygen t6to
t6remove t6hydrogen t6atoms t6from t6specific t6substrates t6in t6an t6oxidative t6reaction t6that t6produces
t6H2O2, t6which t6is t6a t6powerful t6oxidant t6and t6potentially t6destructive t6if t6it t6accumulates t6or
t6escapes t6from t6peroxisomes. t6Ribosomes t6are t6RNA-protein t6complexes t6(nucleoproteins)
t6that t6are t6synthesized t6in t6the t6nucleolus t6and t6secreted t6into t6the t6cytoplasm t6through t6pores
t6in t6the t6nuclear t6envelope t6called t6nuclear t6pore t6complexes. t6Lysosomes t6are t6saclike
t6structures t6that t6originate t6from t6the t6Golgi t6complex t6and t6contain t6more t6than t640 t6digestive
t6enzymes t6called t6hydrolases, t6which t6catalyze t6bonds t6in t6proteins, t6lipids, t6nucleic t6acids,
t6and t6carbohydrates. t6An t6endosome t6is t6a t6vesical t6that t6has t6been t6pinched t6off t6from t6the
t6cellular t6membrane.
PTS: t6 t6 1 DIF: t 6 Cognitive t6Level: t6Remembering
4. Which t6cell t6component t6is t6capable t6of t6cellular t6autodigestion t6when t6it t6is t6released
during t6cell t6injury?
t6
, a. Ribosome
b. Golgi t6complex
c. Smooth t6endoplasmic t6reticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS: t 6 D
The t6lysosomal t6membrane t6acts t6as t6a t6protective t6shield t6between t6the t6powerful t6digestive
t6enzymes t6within t6the t6lysosome t6and t6the t6cytoplasm, t6preventing t6their t6leakage t6into t6the
t6cytoplasmic t6matrix. t6Disruption t6of t6the t6membrane t6by t6various t6treatments t6or t6cellular
t6injury t6leads t6to t6a t6release t6of t6the t6lysosomal t6enzymes, t6which t6can t6then t6react t6with t6their
t6specific t6substrates, t6causing t6cellular
self-digestion. t6The t6chief t6function t6of t6a t6ribosome t6is t6to t6provide t6sites t6for t6cellular
t6protein t6synthesis. t6The t6Golgi t6complex t6is t6a t6network t6of t6flattened, t6smooth t6vesicles t6and
t6membranes t6often t6located t6near t6the t6cell t6nucleus. t6The t6smooth t6endoplasmic t6reticulum t6is
t6involved t6in t6steroid t6hormone t6production t6and t6removing t6toxic t6substances t6from t6the t6cell.
PTS: t6 t6 1 DIF: t 6 Cognitive t6Level: t6Remembering
5. Which t6cAMP-mediated t6response t6is t6related t6to t6antidiuretic t6hormone?
a. Increased t6heart t6rate t6and t6force t6of t6contraction
b. Secretion t6of t6cortisol
c. Increased t6retention t6of t6water
d. Breakdown t6of t6fat
ANS: t 6 C
Antidiuretic t6hormone t6leads t6to t6increased t6retention t6of t6water t6in t6the t6body. t6Epinephrine
t6causes t6increases t6in t6heart t6rate t6and t6force t6of t6contraction. t6Increased t6cortisol t6secretion t6is
t6due t6to t6ACTH. t6Breakdown t6of t6fat t6is t6due t6to t6glucagon.
PTS: t6 t6 1 DIF: t 6 Cognitive t6Level: t6Remembering
6. During t6which t6phase t6of t6the t6cell t6cycle t6is t6DNA t6synthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS: t 6 B
The t6four t6designated t6phases t6of t6the t6cell t6cycle t6are: t6(1) t6the t6G1 t6phase t6(G t6= t6gap), t6which
t6is t6the t6period t6between t6the t6M t6phase t6(M t6= t6mitosis) t6and t6the t6start t6of t6DNA t6synthesis; t6(2)
t6the t6S t6phase t6(S
= t6synthesis), t6during t6which t6DNA t6is t6synthesized t6in t6the t6cell t6nucleus; t6(3) t6the t6G2 t 6 phase,
t6during t6which t6RNA t6and t6protein t6synthesis t6occurs, t6the t6period t6between t6the t6completion
t6of t6DNA t6synthesis t6and t6the t6next t6phase t6(M); t6and t6(4) t6the t6M t6phase, t6which t6includes
t6nuclear t6and t6cytoplasmic t6division.
PTS: t6 t6 1 DIF: Cognitive t6Level: t6Remembering
7. What t6organic t6compound t6facilitates t6transportation t6across t6cell t6membranes t6by
acting t6as t6receptors, t6transport t6channels t6for t6electrolytes, t6and t6enzymes t6to t6drive
t6
t6active t6pumps?
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS: t 6 C
Proteins t6have t6several t6functions, t6including t6acting t6as t6receptors, t6transport t6channels t6for
t6electrolytes, t6and t6enzymes t6to t6drive t6active t6pumps t6Lipids t6help t6act t6as t6the t6“glue”
, t6holding t6cell t6membranes t6together. t6Proteases t6cause t6the t6breakdown t6of t6protein.
t6Carbohydrates t6are t6involved t6in t6cellular t6protection t6and t6lubrication t6and t6help t6produce
t6energy t6via t6oxidative t6phosphorylation.
Basis for Disease in Adults and Children By Julia Rogers
TEST BANK
,Chapter t601: t6Cellular t6Biology
McCance/Huether: t6Pathophysiology: t6The t6Biologic t6Basis t6of t6Disease t6in t6Adults t6and t6Children, t69th t6Edition
MULTIPLE t6CHOICE
1. Which t6statement t6best t6describes t6the t6cellular t6function t6of t6metabolic t6absorption?
a. Cells t6can t6produce t6proteins.
b. Cells t6can t6secrete t6digestive t6enzymes.
c. Cells t6can t6take t6in t6and t6use t6nutrients.
d. Cells t6can t6synthesize t6fats.
ANS: t 6 C
In t6metabolic t6absorption, t6all t6cells t6take t6in t6and t6use t6nutrients t6and t6other t6substances t6from
t6their t6surroundings. t6The t6remaining t6options t6are t6not t6inclusive t6in t6their t6descriptions t6of
t6cellular t6metabolic t6absorption.
PTS: t6 t6 1 DIF: t 6 Cognitive t6Level: t6Remembering
2. Where t6is t6most t6of t6a t6cell’s t6genetic t6information, t6including t6RNA t6and t6DNA, t6contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: t 6 C
The t6nucleus t6contains t6the t6nucleolus, t6a t6small t6dense t6structure t6composed t6largely t6of
t6RNA, t6most t6of t6the t6cellular t6DNA, t6and t6the t6DNA-binding t6proteins, t6such t6as t6the
t6histones, t6which t6regulate t6its t6activity. t6The t6mitochondria t6are t6responsible t6for t6cellular
t6respiration t6and t6energy t6production.
Ribosomes’ t6chief t6function t6is t6to t6provide t6sites t6for t6cellular t6protein t6synthesis.
t6Lysosomes t6function t6as t6the t6intracellular t6digestive t6system.
PTS: t6 t6 1 DIF: t 6 Cognitive t6Level: t6Remembering
3. Which t6component t6of t6the t6cell t6produces t6hydrogen t6peroxide t6(H2O2) t6byt6using t6oxygen t6to
remove t6hydrogen t6atoms t6from t6specific t6substrates t6in t6an t6oxidative t6reaction?
t6
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: t 6 B
Peroxisomes t6are t6so t6named t6because t6they t6usually t6contain t6enzymes t6that t6use t6oxygen t6to
t6remove t6hydrogen t6atoms t6from t6specific t6substrates t6in t6an t6oxidative t6reaction t6that t6produces
t6H2O2, t6which t6is t6a t6powerful t6oxidant t6and t6potentially t6destructive t6if t6it t6accumulates t6or
t6escapes t6from t6peroxisomes. t6Ribosomes t6are t6RNA-protein t6complexes t6(nucleoproteins)
t6that t6are t6synthesized t6in t6the t6nucleolus t6and t6secreted t6into t6the t6cytoplasm t6through t6pores
t6in t6the t6nuclear t6envelope t6called t6nuclear t6pore t6complexes. t6Lysosomes t6are t6saclike
t6structures t6that t6originate t6from t6the t6Golgi t6complex t6and t6contain t6more t6than t640 t6digestive
t6enzymes t6called t6hydrolases, t6which t6catalyze t6bonds t6in t6proteins, t6lipids, t6nucleic t6acids,
t6and t6carbohydrates. t6An t6endosome t6is t6a t6vesical t6that t6has t6been t6pinched t6off t6from t6the
t6cellular t6membrane.
PTS: t6 t6 1 DIF: t 6 Cognitive t6Level: t6Remembering
4. Which t6cell t6component t6is t6capable t6of t6cellular t6autodigestion t6when t6it t6is t6released
during t6cell t6injury?
t6
, a. Ribosome
b. Golgi t6complex
c. Smooth t6endoplasmic t6reticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS: t 6 D
The t6lysosomal t6membrane t6acts t6as t6a t6protective t6shield t6between t6the t6powerful t6digestive
t6enzymes t6within t6the t6lysosome t6and t6the t6cytoplasm, t6preventing t6their t6leakage t6into t6the
t6cytoplasmic t6matrix. t6Disruption t6of t6the t6membrane t6by t6various t6treatments t6or t6cellular
t6injury t6leads t6to t6a t6release t6of t6the t6lysosomal t6enzymes, t6which t6can t6then t6react t6with t6their
t6specific t6substrates, t6causing t6cellular
self-digestion. t6The t6chief t6function t6of t6a t6ribosome t6is t6to t6provide t6sites t6for t6cellular
t6protein t6synthesis. t6The t6Golgi t6complex t6is t6a t6network t6of t6flattened, t6smooth t6vesicles t6and
t6membranes t6often t6located t6near t6the t6cell t6nucleus. t6The t6smooth t6endoplasmic t6reticulum t6is
t6involved t6in t6steroid t6hormone t6production t6and t6removing t6toxic t6substances t6from t6the t6cell.
PTS: t6 t6 1 DIF: t 6 Cognitive t6Level: t6Remembering
5. Which t6cAMP-mediated t6response t6is t6related t6to t6antidiuretic t6hormone?
a. Increased t6heart t6rate t6and t6force t6of t6contraction
b. Secretion t6of t6cortisol
c. Increased t6retention t6of t6water
d. Breakdown t6of t6fat
ANS: t 6 C
Antidiuretic t6hormone t6leads t6to t6increased t6retention t6of t6water t6in t6the t6body. t6Epinephrine
t6causes t6increases t6in t6heart t6rate t6and t6force t6of t6contraction. t6Increased t6cortisol t6secretion t6is
t6due t6to t6ACTH. t6Breakdown t6of t6fat t6is t6due t6to t6glucagon.
PTS: t6 t6 1 DIF: t 6 Cognitive t6Level: t6Remembering
6. During t6which t6phase t6of t6the t6cell t6cycle t6is t6DNA t6synthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS: t 6 B
The t6four t6designated t6phases t6of t6the t6cell t6cycle t6are: t6(1) t6the t6G1 t6phase t6(G t6= t6gap), t6which
t6is t6the t6period t6between t6the t6M t6phase t6(M t6= t6mitosis) t6and t6the t6start t6of t6DNA t6synthesis; t6(2)
t6the t6S t6phase t6(S
= t6synthesis), t6during t6which t6DNA t6is t6synthesized t6in t6the t6cell t6nucleus; t6(3) t6the t6G2 t 6 phase,
t6during t6which t6RNA t6and t6protein t6synthesis t6occurs, t6the t6period t6between t6the t6completion
t6of t6DNA t6synthesis t6and t6the t6next t6phase t6(M); t6and t6(4) t6the t6M t6phase, t6which t6includes
t6nuclear t6and t6cytoplasmic t6division.
PTS: t6 t6 1 DIF: Cognitive t6Level: t6Remembering
7. What t6organic t6compound t6facilitates t6transportation t6across t6cell t6membranes t6by
acting t6as t6receptors, t6transport t6channels t6for t6electrolytes, t6and t6enzymes t6to t6drive
t6
t6active t6pumps?
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS: t 6 C
Proteins t6have t6several t6functions, t6including t6acting t6as t6receptors, t6transport t6channels t6for
t6electrolytes, t6and t6enzymes t6to t6drive t6active t6pumps t6Lipids t6help t6act t6as t6the t6“glue”
, t6holding t6cell t6membranes t6together. t6Proteases t6cause t6the t6breakdown t6of t6protein.
t6Carbohydrates t6are t6involved t6in t6cellular t6protection t6and t6lubrication t6and t6help t6produce
t6energy t6via t6oxidative t6phosphorylation.
