SolutionManualn
EmploymentLawfor Business,10thEdition,
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,TABLE OF CONTENTS nn nn
Chapter 1 The Regulation of Employment
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Chapter 2 The Employment Law Toolkit: Resources for Understanding the Law and
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Recurring Legal Concepts
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Chapter 3 Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
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Chapter 4 Legal Construction of the Employment Environment Chapter 5
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Affirmative Action
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Chapter 6 Race and Color Discrimination
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nn Chapter 7 National Origin Discrimination
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Chapter 8 Gender Discrimination
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Sexual Harassment
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Chapter 10 Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Discrimination Chapter 11
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nn Religious Discrimination
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Chapter 12 Age Discrimination Chapter 13
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nn Disability Discrimination
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Chapter 14 The Employee’s Right to Privacy and Management of Personal
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Information
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Chapter 15 Labor Law 857
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Chapter 16 Selected Employment Benefits and Protections
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Chapter 1 nn
, The Regulation of Employment
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Chapter Objective nn
The student is introduced to the regulatory environment of the employment relationship. The
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chapter examines whether regulation is actually necessary or beneficial or if, perhaps, the
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relationship would fare better with less governmental intervention. The concepts of
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―freedom‖ to contract in the regulatory employment environment and non-compete
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agreements are discussed. Since the regulations and case law discussed in this text rely on
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an individual‘s classification as an employer or an employee, those definitions are
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delineated and explored.
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Learning Objectives nn
(Click on the icon following the learning objective to be linked to the location in the
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outlinewhere the chapter addresses that particular objective.)
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At the conclusion of this chapter, the students should be able to:
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1. Describe the balance between the freedom to contract and the current
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regulatory environment for employment.
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2. Identify who is subject to which employment laws and understand the implication of eachof
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these laws for both the employer and employee.
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3. Delineate the risks to the employer caused by employee misclassification.
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4. Explain the difference between and employee and an independent contractor and
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the tests that help us in that determination.
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5. Articulate the various ways in which the concept ―employer‖ is defined by
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the various employment-related regulations.
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6. Describe the permissible parameters of non-compete agreements.
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Detailed Chapter Outline nn nn
Scenarios—Points for Discussion n n n n
, Scenario One: This scenario offers an opportunity to review the distinctions between an
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employee and an independent contractor discussed in the chapter (see ―The Definition of
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Employee,‖ particularly Exhibits 1.3–1.5). Discuss the IRS 20-factor analysis, as it applies to
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Dalia‘s position. In light of the low level of control that Dalia had over her fees and her
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work process, and the limits upon her choice of clients, students should come to the conclusion
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that Dalia is an employee (therefore, eligible to file an unemployment claim), rather than an
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independent contractor.
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Scenario Two: Soraya would not have a cause of action that would be recognized by the
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EEOC. Review the section ―The Definition of ‗Employer‘‖ with students, and discuss the
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rationale that determines the status of a supervisor vis-à-vis anti-discrimination legislation.
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Because Soraya is Soraya‘s supervisor, not her employer, he cannot be the target of an EEOC
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claim of sexual harassment.
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CCC, Soraya‘s employer, would be vulnerable to an EEOC claim if the company lacked or
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failedto follow a system for employee redress of discrimination grievances. However, in this case,
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CCC appears to have a viable anti-discrimination policy that it adhered to diligently;
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consequently, Soraya would be unlikely to win a decision in her favor. The court in Williams
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v.
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Banning (1995) offered the following rationale for its decision in a similar case:
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―She has an employer who was sensitive and responsive to her complaint. She can take
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comfort in the knowledge that she continues to work for this company, while her
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harasser does not and that the company's prompt action is likely to discourage other
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would be harassers. This is precisely the result Title VII was meant to achieve.‖
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Scenario Three: Students should discuss whether or not Mya non-compete agreement is likely tobe
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found reasonable by a court, and elaborate the aspects of the agreement that Mya might
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contest as unreasonable (see section below, ―Covenants Not to Compete‖). Does Mya have a
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persuasive argument that the terms of her non-compete agreement are unreasonable in scope
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or duration?
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Might she have grounds to claim that the agreement prohibits her from making a living?
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Given the diversity of state laws regulating non-compete agreements, discuss the range of
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legal restrictions that might apply to Mya‘s particular agreement with her employer. As an
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employeewho works across several states, Mya‘s defense may depend upon the presence—and
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specific language—of a forum selection clause in her non-compete agreement. Consider
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what language would be more likely to provide Nan with a strong defense against the breach
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of contract claim.
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Mya might also argue that the company‘s client list is available through public means, and
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therefore, her access to this list should not be prohibited.
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General Lecture Note for Employment Law Course
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In order to teach this course, instructors have found that students must be made to feel relatively
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comfortable with their peers. Instructors will be asking the students to be honest and to stay
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in their truth, even at times when they feel that their opinion on one of these matters will not
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
be
nn
EmploymentLawfor Business,10thEdition,
n n nn n nn n n
nnnn nnnn nnnn nnnn nnnn
,TABLE OF CONTENTS nn nn
Chapter 1 The Regulation of Employment
nn nn nn nn nn
Chapter 2 The Employment Law Toolkit: Resources for Understanding the Law and
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn n n
Recurring Legal Concepts
nn nn nn
Chapter 3 Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
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Chapter 4 Legal Construction of the Employment Environment Chapter 5
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn n n nn
Affirmative Action
nn nn
Chapter 6 Race and Color Discrimination
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nn Chapter 7 National Origin Discrimination
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Chapter 8 Gender Discrimination
nn nn nn nn n n Chapter 9 nn
Sexual Harassment
nn nn
Chapter 10 Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Discrimination Chapter 11
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn n n nn
nn Religious Discrimination
nn
Chapter 12 Age Discrimination Chapter 13
nn nn nn nn nn
nn Disability Discrimination
nn
Chapter 14 The Employee’s Right to Privacy and Management of Personal
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
Information
n n
Chapter 15 Labor Law 857
nn nn nn nn
Chapter 16 Selected Employment Benefits and Protections
nn nn nn nn nn nn
Chapter 1 nn
, The Regulation of Employment
nn nn nn
Chapter Objective nn
The student is introduced to the regulatory environment of the employment relationship. The
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
chapter examines whether regulation is actually necessary or beneficial or if, perhaps, the
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
relationship would fare better with less governmental intervention. The concepts of
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
―freedom‖ to contract in the regulatory employment environment and non-compete
nn nn n n nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
agreements are discussed. Since the regulations and case law discussed in this text rely on
nn nn nn n n nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
an individual‘s classification as an employer or an employee, those definitions are
nn nn nn nn nn n n nn nn nn nn nn nn
delineated and explored.
nn nn nn
Learning Objectives nn
(Click on the icon following the learning objective to be linked to the location in the
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
outlinewhere the chapter addresses that particular objective.)
nn nn nn n n nn nn nn
At the conclusion of this chapter, the students should be able to:
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
1. Describe the balance between the freedom to contract and the current
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
regulatory environment for employment.
nn nn nn nn nn
2. Identify who is subject to which employment laws and understand the implication of eachof
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
these laws for both the employer and employee.
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
3. Delineate the risks to the employer caused by employee misclassification.
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
4. Explain the difference between and employee and an independent contractor and
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
the tests that help us in that determination.
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
5. Articulate the various ways in which the concept ―employer‖ is defined by
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
the various employment-related regulations.
nn nn n n nn nn
6. Describe the permissible parameters of non-compete agreements.
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
Detailed Chapter Outline nn nn
Scenarios—Points for Discussion n n n n
, Scenario One: This scenario offers an opportunity to review the distinctions between an
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
employee and an independent contractor discussed in the chapter (see ―The Definition of
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
Employee,‖ particularly Exhibits 1.3–1.5). Discuss the IRS 20-factor analysis, as it applies to
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
Dalia‘s position. In light of the low level of control that Dalia had over her fees and her
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
work process, and the limits upon her choice of clients, students should come to the conclusion
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
that Dalia is an employee (therefore, eligible to file an unemployment claim), rather than an
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
independent contractor.
nn nn
Scenario Two: Soraya would not have a cause of action that would be recognized by the
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
EEOC. Review the section ―The Definition of ‗Employer‘‖ with students, and discuss the
nn n n nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
rationale that determines the status of a supervisor vis-à-vis anti-discrimination legislation.
nn nn n n nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
Because Soraya is Soraya‘s supervisor, not her employer, he cannot be the target of an EEOC
nn nn nn n n nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
claim of sexual harassment.
nn nn nn nn
CCC, Soraya‘s employer, would be vulnerable to an EEOC claim if the company lacked or
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
failedto follow a system for employee redress of discrimination grievances. However, in this case,
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
CCC appears to have a viable anti-discrimination policy that it adhered to diligently;
nn n n nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
consequently, Soraya would be unlikely to win a decision in her favor. The court in Williams
nn nn n n nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
v.
nn
Banning (1995) offered the following rationale for its decision in a similar case:
nn nn nn n n nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
―She has an employer who was sensitive and responsive to her complaint. She can take
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
comfort in the knowledge that she continues to work for this company, while her
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
harasser does not and that the company's prompt action is likely to discourage other
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
would be harassers. This is precisely the result Title VII was meant to achieve.‖
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
Scenario Three: Students should discuss whether or not Mya non-compete agreement is likely tobe
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
found reasonable by a court, and elaborate the aspects of the agreement that Mya might
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
contest as unreasonable (see section below, ―Covenants Not to Compete‖). Does Mya have a
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
persuasive argument that the terms of her non-compete agreement are unreasonable in scope
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
or duration?
nn nn
Might she have grounds to claim that the agreement prohibits her from making a living?
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
Given the diversity of state laws regulating non-compete agreements, discuss the range of
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
legal restrictions that might apply to Mya‘s particular agreement with her employer. As an
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
employeewho works across several states, Mya‘s defense may depend upon the presence—and
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
specific language—of a forum selection clause in her non-compete agreement. Consider
nn n n nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
what language would be more likely to provide Nan with a strong defense against the breach
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
of contract claim.
nn nn nn
Mya might also argue that the company‘s client list is available through public means, and
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
therefore, her access to this list should not be prohibited.
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
General Lecture Note for Employment Law Course
nn nn nn nn nn nn
In order to teach this course, instructors have found that students must be made to feel relatively
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
comfortable with their peers. Instructors will be asking the students to be honest and to stay
n n nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
in their truth, even at times when they feel that their opinion on one of these matters will not
nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn
be
nn