CEN Exam – 150 Questions with Correct and Verified Answers. Graded A+

CEN Exam – 150 Questions with Correct and Verified Answers. Graded A+ Which of the following statements made by a patient would lead the nurse to conclude that the patient understands risk factors for pulmonary embolism? While on a long flight, I should get up and walk to stretch my legs every hour. Resuming my birth control pills will lower my risk of cancer and my risk of another clot. If I drink plenty of water while driving on a long trip, this shouldn't happen again. Switching from my regular cigarettes to the electronic ones can reduce my risk. - Correct Answer While on a long flight, I should get up and walk to stretch my legs every hour." "An emergency nurse is providing discharge instructions for a patient with pelvic inflammatory disease. Which statement made by the patient indicates an understanding of these instructions? Getting pregnant shouldn't be a problem once the infection goes away. I'll take the medicine for nausea when I feel sick to my stomach. I will be at increased risk for ectopic pregnancy. I will follow up with my doctor tomorrow. - Correct Answer I will be at increased risk for ectopic pregnancy." "A 16-year-old presents with severe left upper quadrant abdominal pain after an over-the-handlebars bicycle collision. Vital signs are BP 100/60 mm Hg, HR 100 beats/min, RR 30 breaths/min, T 37.0 C (98.6 F), SpO2 89% without supplemental oxygen. There is bruising over the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. Auscultation reveals diminished breath sounds on the left accompanied by gurgling. Based on this history and assessment, the nurse suspects which injury? Small bowel rupture Ruptured diaphragm Flail chest Hepatic injury - Correct Answer Ruptured diaphragm" "A patient presents with chest pain. The nurse performs a 12-lead electrocardiogram that reveals an abnormal Q wave. What does the nurse suspect? A current injury An old infarction An acute infarction Ischemia - Correct Answer An old infarction" "A patient is brought to the ED by emergency medical services with increased aggression and making clear homicidal threats. What immediate action will the nurse expect to promote staff and patient safety? Administration of antipsychotics One-to-one observation Place in a seclusion room Application of restraints - Correct Answer Place in a seclusion room" "A 28-year-old female presents with shortness of breath, dizziness, and diaphoresis. Her vital signs are BP 118/74 mm Hg, HR 122 beats/min, RR 26 breaths/min, T 37.7 C (99.9 F), SpO2 92% without supplemental oxygen. Her health history includes fractures of the left tibia and fibula following an MVC 3 weeks ago. Surgical fixation was required. Her only current medications are an oral contraceptive and intermittent ibuprofen for pain. Assessment of the casted left leg reveals that the toes are swollen. With this information, which diagnostic testing will the nurse expect as the highest priority? Sputum cultures Chest radiograph Computed tomographic pulmonary angiography Radiograph of the left leg - Correct Answer Computed tomographic pulmonary angiography" "A family of 10 presents to the ED with complaints of fever, muscle pain, and unexplained bruising ongoing for 7 days. After completing the screening, the nurse notes that the family recently traveled to Sierra Leone. What is the highest priority intervention the triage nurse needs to perform? Notify infection prevention Leave the family in the waiting room Evacuate the waiting room Inform those waiting that Ebola has been detected - Correct Answer Notify infection prevention" "A patient presents to the ED with complaints of fatigue and insomnia. Assessment findings reveal the patient is awake, alert, and oriented, has a round moon face, buffalo hump back, hirsutism and prominent striae on the trunk. Vital signs are normal. Which of the following scenarios is most consistent with this patient's presentation? A high school wrestler who admits to taking his grandfather's furosemide before a meet A patient with insulin-dependent diabetes who took insulin, without eating breakfast. A patient with severe chronic asthma who has been on prednisone for several years A patient who underwent a thyroidectomy several years ago who recently ran out of medication - Correct Answer A patient with severe chronic asthma who has been on prednisone for several years" "A patient who was brought to the ED by ambulance following a motor vehicle collision, in which the driver hit a tree, has BP 92/48 mm Hg, HR 128 beats/min, RR 34 breaths/min, SpO2 91% with supplemental oxygen via a nonrebreather. He has labored breathing, cyanosis, absent breath sounds on the right, and jugular vein distension. Which of the following conditions would be suspected? Aspiration Flail chest Cardiac tamponade Tension pneumothorax - Correct Answer Tension pneumothorax" "What is the most common cause of cardiogenic shock? Sustained cardiac dysrhythmias Acute valvular dysfunction Myocardial infarction End-stage cardiomyopathy - Correct Answer Myocardial infarction" "The disease most commonly associated with the catarrhal, paroxysmal and convalescent stages is best treated with classification of medications? Immune globulin Steroids Antiretroviral therapy Macrolide antibiotics - Correct Answer Macrolide antibiotics" "A 28-year-old female presents to the ED with complaints of dizziness, fear of dying, and hot flashes that began 10 minutes prior to arrival. The patient is trembling and tachypneic. Which anxiety disorder is the patient exhibiting? Post-traumatic stress disorder Panic attack Acute stress disorder Generalized anxiety disorder - Correct Answer Panic attack" "A 30-year-old male presents to the emergency department with excruciating pain on the right side of his head. It has been coming and going all day. His right eye is reddened and skin is flushed. What type of headache is this patient experiencing? Tension Traumatic Cluster Migraine - Correct Answer Cluster" "To make certain that chain of custody has been followed appropriately, what is the most responsible task performed by the emergency nurse? Keep the evidence at their work station until released to law enforcement Sign and date the tamper resistant tape in front of law enforcement Limit the number of people with access to the evidence Carry the evidence with them until released to law enforcement - Correct Answer Limit the number of people with access to the evidence" "Which orthopedic condition is the result of elevated uric acid levels? Joint effusion Osteomyelitis Gouty arthritis Bursitis - Correct Answer Gouty arthritis" "A patient presents to the ED with sensory hallucinations and delusions. He also has disorganized speech and grossly disordered behavior. What would the nurse expect to take place in order for the patient to be properly cared for? A suicide risk assessment Administration of antipsychotics Application of restraints Medical clearance - Correct Answer Medical clearance" "A patient has just been diagnosed with endocarditis. While preparing for surgery for valvular repair, which intervention will the nurse perform? Insert a urinary catheter Insert a gastric tube Begin an infusion of nitroprusside Administer antibiotics - Correct Answer Administer antibiotics" "A patient has an unsteady gait, weakness, diminished sensation to the face and arms, and vision changes. These findings are most likely associated with neurological condition? Myasthenia gravis Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Multiple sclerosis Parkinson's disease - Correct Answer Multiple sclerosis" "The emergency nurse knows that a patient who has experienced a severe electrical injury is at risk for which of the following? Arrhythmias Carboxyhemoglobinemia Tissue liquefaction Hypocalcemia - Correct Answer Arrhythmias" "Which heart block is associated with a lengthening PR interval until a QRS complex is dropped? First degree Second degree type II Third degree Second degree type I - Correct Answer Second degree type I" "Which of the following interventions would be appropriate for a patient who has been diagnosed with renal calculi? Apply ice to the flank area Immediate surgical intervention Administer antiemetics NPO status - Correct Answer Administer antiemetics" "A 67-year-old male presents with sudden-onset, sharp, stabbing pain in his chest, flank, and back. He states he's taken ibuprofen and sublingual nitroglycerin prescribed for his angina. There has been no relief. Assessment reveals he is slurring his words, there is a facial droop, and his grip strength is weaker on the right. Vital signs are BP 108/86 mm Hg, HR 96 beats/min, RR 18 breaths/min, T 37.0 C (98.6 F), SpO2 91% without supplemental oxygen. What assessment can the nurse do to further determine the cause of these signs and symptoms? Take a blood pressure on the other arm Send blood to the laboratory for toxicology Perform an assessment for stroke Send blood to the laboratory for cardiac enzymes - Correct Answer Take a blood pressure on the other arm" "A patient has just been diagnosed with diabetes insipidus. Which medication will the nurse expect to give? Hypertonic saline Methylprednisolone Vasopressin Furosemide - Correct Answer Vasopressin" "A 56-year-old female presents with vague complaints of fatigue and bloating. Assessment reveals pitting edema of hands and feet, abdominal distention, and prominent neck veins. What condition is described by these clinical manifestations? Myocardial infarction Aortic dissection Right-sided heart failure Left-sided heart failure - Correct Answer Right-sided heart failure" "An emergency nurse is interviewing fellow staff nurses in order to understand how the emotional states of fatigued nurses impact outcomes of patients with behavioral health disorders. What type of research study is the nurse conducting? Quantitative study Cohort study Randomized controlled trials Qualitative study - Correct Answer Qualitative study" "Which complication is associated with orbital wall fractures? Trismus Development of mastoiditis Ocular entrapment Inability to protect one's own airway - Correct Answer Ocular entrapment" "What intervention is used to manage seasonal affective disorder? Increasing caffeine intake Vitamin D supplements Moving to a warmer climate Use tanning beds - Correct Answer Vitamin D supplements" "Which of the following would be indicative of Alzheimer's disease? Gradual onset of memory loss and aphasia Sudden onset of disorganized speech and disorientation Acute onset of dysarthria and ataxia Chronic symptoms of sadness, slow speech, and flat affect - Correct Answer Gradual onset of memory loss and aphasia" "What is the best way to promote a successful family presence practice? Ensure that social services leads the practice Allow immediate family to be present Have administrative support Make it a facility requirement - Correct Answer Have administrative support" "A patient arrives unresponsive. Cardiopulmonary monitoring indicates a ventricular tachycardia. He has no pulse. What will the nurse anticipate as the next intervention? Synchronized cardioversion Administer epinephrine intravenously Administer atropine intravenously Defibrillation - Correct Answer Defibrillation" "What is a late sign of intussusception? Colicky pain Ribbon-like stools Left lower quadrant tenderness Currant jelly-like stools - Correct Answer Currant jelly-like stools" "A patient presents with a sudden onset of shortness of breath, cough, and mild chest pain. Past medical history includes heart failure and recent treatment for pneumonia. Considering the patient's history, the nurse anticipates a workup for which respiratory problem? Chronic bronchitis Pleural effusion Pulmonary embolism Pulmonary contusion - Correct Answer Pleural effusion" "A patient presents to the emergency department with right-sided facial drooping, right arm weakness and slurred speech. Which of the following assessments indicates exclusion criteria for receiving tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)? Blood glucose of 180 mg/dL BP 190/110 mm Hg NIH stroke scale of 6 Headache - Correct Answer BP 190/110 mm Hg" "A 16-year-old male is brought to the ED by his coach. The patient was playing football in moderately cold weather one hour prior to arrival and felt severe pain in the left groin area. This is suggestive of which genitourinary emergency? Paraphimosis Testicular torsion Priapism Acute epididymitis - Correct Answer Testicular torsion" "A 3-year-old boy is brought to the ED by his mother, who noticed bruises on the boy's left thigh, back, and feet developing over the last week. Past medical history includes a mild respiratory virus a month ago. The assessment reveals, he is awake and alert, with some bleeding noted around the gums. Initial laboratory values include a low platelet count with a normal white blood cell count. Hemoglobin and hematocrit are slightly low. Which disorder does the nurse suspect is the cause of his signs and symptoms? Leukemia Thrombocytosis Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura - Correct Answer Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura" "A 50-year-old male arrives at the emergency department via ambulance after sustaining a knife wound to the right side of his back. He has loss of movement on the right side and loss of sensation on the left side of his body. The nurse suspects that this is which type of spinal cord injury? Brown-Séquard syndrome Anterior cord syndrome Posterior cord syndrome Central cord syndrome - Correct Answer Brown-Séquard syndrome" "Each week a community hospital emergency department employs key performance indicators (KPI) to identify opportunities to enhance customer and staff satisfaction. This type of activity is a component of what? Symptom surveillance Patient confidentiality Quality improvement Risk management - Correct Answer Quality improvement" "A 74-year-old presents to the ED with a history of chronic bronchitis and complaints of dyspnea and shortness of breath. He is cyanotic and the nurse applies oxygen. Which of the following assessment findings will be most concerning to the nurse? A respiratory rate of 10 breaths/min An elevated hemoglobin Generalized edema Productive cough - Correct Answer A respiratory rate of 10 breaths/min" "A patient presents to the emergency department complaining of flu-like symptoms, malaise, and fever for three days after being bitten by a bat. The emergency nurse suspects which condition? Tularemia West Nile virus Rabies Rocky Mountain spotted fever - Correct Answer Rabies" "An older adult patient arrives in the emergency department after she fell on her bathroom floor and was unable to get up. Knowing the patient was on the floor for a prolonged period of time, what clinical manifestation will the emergency nurse assess for? Blood in the urine Dysuria Dark brown urine Anuria - Correct Answer Dark brown urine" "A patient presents with ear pain, nausea, vomiting, vertigo, and tinnitus. The provider writes prescriptions for antibiotics, corticosteroids, and antiemetics. Which condition does this describe? Labyrinthitis Ruptured tympanic membrane Ménière disease Otitis media - Correct Answer Labyrinthitis" "An adult patient complains of a papular, scaly, itchy rash that is most prominent in the webbing of the fingers, groin, and axilla. Permethrin cream has been prescribed. How will the nurse instruct the patient to apply the cream? To affected areas once per day for three days From head-to-toe if the rash persists beyond a week From head-to-toe, with a second application one week later To affected areas as needed for itching - Correct Answer From head-to-toe, with a second application one week later" "A patient arrives in the emergency department with severe, sudden-onset chest pain. He states he used cocaine earlier that day and is taking a beta blocker for hypertension. Which abnormal assessment finding will the nurse expect? Metabolic alkalosis Hypoglycemia BP 196/110 mm Hg HR 48 beats/min - Correct Answer BP 196/110 mm Hg" "A mother brings her 3-week-old infant to the ED and states that the child "throws up after eating and is immediately hungry again." This has been going on for over one week. The child is listless, with a capillary refill of greater than 2 seconds. Laboratory results reveal hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis. Which intervention is the nurse's priority? Oral replacement therapy Prepare for a barium enema Isotonic crystalloid fluid bolus An antiemetic - Correct Answer Isotonic crystalloid fluid bolus" "When treating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which of the following interventions will the nurse expect to help maintain open alveoli? Positive end-expiratory pressure with ventilation High tidal volumes with ventilation Aggressive fluid resuscitation Prophylactic antibiotic administration - Correct Answer Positive end-expiratory pressure with ventilation" "A patient presents to the ED following an incident with an acid splash to the eye. He reports severe pain, is unable to open the eye, and there is constant tearing. What is the nurse's first priority? Patch the affected eye Irrigation Visual acuity testing Test the eye for pH - Correct Answer Irrigation" "A 22-year-old patient presents with upper respiratory symptoms, nausea and vomiting and a low-grade fever. She has a history of leukemia and underwent chemotherapy 2 weeks ago. What is the nurse's priority? Protective isolation Ondansetron oral dissolving tablet Intravenous fluid bolus Morphine intravenous - Correct Answer Protective isolation" "A patient presents to the ED with a chief complaint of "It feels like I have something in my eye, but I can't see it." What eye injury is this most likely to represent? Corneal ulcer Keratitis Hyphema Corneal abrasion - Correct Answer Corneal abrasion" "In compensated shock, what physiological response increases serum sodium? Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) response Intracellular fluid shift Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) Altered capillary permeability - Correct Answer Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)" "A patient describes symptoms of recent onset of eye pain and denies any traumatic injury. He is seeing haloes around lights and is experiencing nausea, vomiting, and headaches. The nurse's assessment reveals loss of peripheral vision and redness of the affected eye. Which condition does this set of clinical manifestations describe? Acute angle glaucoma Keratitis Corneal ulcer Retinal detachment - Correct Answer Acute angle glaucoma" "Which of the following clinical presentations is most consistent with a patient who has pancreatitis? Pain with palpation of the right subcostal area during inspiration Diffuse cramping abdominal pain Epigastric pain that radiates to the back Dull, constant umbilical pain - Correct Answer Epigastric pain that radiates to the back" "Administration of activated charcoal is indicated for which of the following overdoses? Hydrofluoric acid Carbamazepine Ferrous sulfate Lithium - Correct Answer Carbamazepine" "Which one of the following is an appropriate intervention for acute lithium toxicity? IV fluids with hypertonic solution Urine alkalinization Hemodialysis Give activated charcoal - Correct Answer Hemodialysis" "The level of alertness and attention displayed by a patient with a diffuse axonal injury is determined by which segment of the neurological system? Reticular activating system Brainstem Frontal lobe Limbic system - Correct Answer Reticular activating system" "What is the first intervention that is appropriate for the nurse to perform once a neonate has been delivered? Thoroughly dry the neonate Suction the mouth and nose Measure APGAR score Clamp the umbilical cord - Correct Answer Thoroughly dry the neonate" "The nurse is giving discharge instructions to a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - emphysema. Which response indicates the patient understands the instructions? I need to limit my fluids to prevent fluid overload. I need to sleep with my feet elevated to prevent swelling. I need to get the pneumococcal vaccine. I need to avoid snacking between meals. - Correct Answer I need to get the pneumococcal vaccine." "A patient, who has suffered deep, full-thickness (third degree) thermal burns to the circumferential chest and abdomen, as well as burns of varying depth to the upper extremities, has been transferred to your emergency department from a small, rural community hospital. Ventilating the intubated patient via bag-mask device is becoming increasingly difficult and chest rise with ventilation is poor. The emergency nurse anticipates which procedure? Tracheostomy Cricothyroidotomy Escharotomy Fasciotomy - Correct Answer Escharotomy" "A patient presents to the ED with disorientation to time, place and person, memory impairment, and personality changes for the past 6 days. This patient is most likely exhibiting which psychosocial emergency? Dementia Schizophrenia Depression Delirium - Correct Answer Delirium" "A patient arrives with complaints of shortness of breath and a history of asthma. The assessment reveals mild tachypnea, biphasic (expiratory and inspiratory) wheezing, and use of accessory muscles. Peak expiratory flow is 48% of personal best. What is the severity of this asthma exacerbation? Severe Moderate Slight Mild - Correct Answer Moderate" "A hazard vulnerability analysis (HVA) was completed for a rural area ED. One finding was that the electrical system was antiquated and could not handle power outages with generator back-up. The director of emergency preparedness acknowledged this issue and initiated a plan to ensure that the electrical system received the necessary upgrades. What phase of disaster preparedness is this related to? Mitigation Preparedness Response Recovery - Correct Answer Mitigation" "A patient presents to the ED with complaints of right arm weakness, and difficulty speaking. The symptoms started about 40 minutes ago and are now improving. She said this happened yesterday too, but went away. What is she experiencing? Hemorrhagic stroke Ischemic stroke Bell's palsy Transient ischemic attacks - Correct Answer Transient ischemic attacks" "A 37-year-old female walks into the ED holding her abdomen. She is writhing in pain. Her history includes vaginal bleeding for the past 6 days. She soaked 5 sanitary pads in 2 hours. What is the most likely cause of the heavy bleeding? Uterine fibroids Mittelschmerz Pelvic inflammatory disease Bartholin cyst - Correct Answer Uterine fibroids" "Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is characterized by which clinical manifestations? Ataxia, mental confusion, and ophthalmoplegia Delirium tremens, hyperthermia, and disorientation Tachycardia, tremors, and tachypnea Hypothermia, muscle rigidity, and bradycardia - Correct Answer Ataxia, mental confusion, and ophthalmoplegia" "A 35-year-old man presents with complaints of stomach pain that comes and goes for the past two weeks. The nurse asks additional questions about the nature of this pain and finds that it is relieved with antacids and he feels better after eating. The patient mentions that he had some similar pain about two years ago, but it stopped after about a month and he never sought care for it. This is most likely which type of gastrointestinal disorder? Cholecystitis Pancreatitis Duodenal ulcer Stress ulcer - Correct Answer Duodenal ulcer" "Which immunoglobulin is responsible for Type 1 allergic responses? IgA IgE IgG IgM - Correct Answer IgE" "A middle-aged male patient presents to the ED with complaint of fever. He is awake, alert, and in no acute distress. On arrival, vital signs are BP 118/58 mm Hg, HR 112 beats/min, RR 20 breaths/min, SpO2 95%, T 38.8 C (101.9 F). His medical history includes human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and he is taking antiviral medications. Using a 5-level triage system, this patient would be triaged as which acuity level? Acuity Level 4 (non-urgent) Acuity Level 2 (emergent) Acuity Level 1 (life-threatening situation) Acuity Level 3 (urgent) - Correct Answer Acuity Level 2 (emergent)" "An 84-year-old male with a decreased level of consciousness presents to the emergency department from a nursing home. The patient has a history of hypertension, gout, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. He is allergic to penicillin. Current medications include docusate, albuterol inhaler, colchicine, and metoprolol. Vital signs on arrival are BP 78/48 mm Hg, HR 60 beats/min, RR 28 breaths/min, T 35.3 C (95.6 F), and SpO2 92% without supplemental oxygen. Which type of shock do these clinical manifestations represent? Obstructive Septic Anaphylactic Hypovolemic - Correct Answer Septic" "A 56-year-old female presents to the emergency department with complaints of abdominal pain for 5 days. The patient was involved in a motor vehicle crash, but did not feel that she needed to come to the emergency department. Upon examination, the patient has no active bowel sounds and the abdomen is rigid. The patient has which gastrointestinal emergency? Peritonitis Diverticulitis Intestinal obstruction Esophageal obstruction - Correct Answer Peritonitis" "A patient, who was successfully defibrillated, now has an irregular rhythm at 86 beats/min. The patient remains unresponsive, with absent central pulses. These findings are associated with which condition? Ruptured aortic aneurysm Pulseless electrical activity Pericardial tamponade Coarse ventricular fibrillation - Correct Answer Pulseless electrical activity" "An adolescent playing basketball felt a pop in her heel after a jump shot, and a sharp pain in her heel as she landed. She is unable to stand on the ball of her foot. Which injury do these clinical manifestations most likely represent? Calcaneous fracture Achilles tendon rupture Ankle strain Metatarsal fracture - Correct Answer Achilles tendon rupture" "A patient arrives after getting a hand caught in a machine, peeling the skin away and exposing underlying structures. What injury does this represent? Hematoma Avulsion Laceration Abrasion - Correct Answer Avulsion" "The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a patient with asthma. Which of the following statements indicates understanding from the patient? I should avoid air conditioning if I begin having symptoms I'm going to wash my bed linen once a week in hot water. To get a baseline peak expiratory flow, I'll do it right before I use my inhaler. My son uses a spacer, but since I'm an adult and can coordinate the inhaler, I don't need one. - Correct Answer I'm going to wash my bed linen once a week in hot water." "Discharge instructions are given to a patient with a prescription for phenazopyridine. Which statement by the patient indicates an understanding of the medication's side effects? My urine will have an orange discoloration. I can continue to take it even if I develop a rash. This medication does not have any side effects. I may gain weight while taking this medication. - Correct Answer My urine will have an orange discoloration." "A patient presents to the ED stating he had been hit in the right eye with a glass bottle two days ago. On assessment, the eye is reddened, tearing, and there is an irregular pupil. Which ocular emergency is associated with these assessment findings? Retinal detachment Hyphema Foreign body Iritis - Correct Answer Iritis" "A patient presents to the ED with complaints of feeling guilty and sad. He also has had decreased appetite and sleep disturbances for the past 3 weeks. What intervention is priority for this patient? Performing a suicide risk assessment Placing patient in a low stimulus area Administering antidepressants or anxiolytics Providing a discharge referral for support services - Correct Answer Performing a suicide risk assessment" "An ED patient is being prepared for surgical intervention for a large bowel obstruction. The surgeon needs to obtain a signature for informed consent. The patient is unable to sign the consent form because of having been heavily sedated. Which advanced directive allows for a family member to sign the consent form? Durable power of attorney for finance Living will Do not resuscitate order Durable power of attorney for healthcare - Correct Answer Durable power of attorney for healthcare" "A male patient arrives following a motor vehicle collision. Emergency medical services report vital signs: HR 92 beats/min, RR 20 breaths/min, BP 128/74 mm Hg, SpO2 96% with a nonrebreather at 15 L/min. They state that the airbag malfunctioned and he hit the steering wheel. The nurse assesses the patient and finds bruising to the sternum, muffled heart tones, and the following vital signs: HR 102 beats/min, RR 18 breaths/min, BP 122/94 mm Hg, SpO2 92%. What pathophysiologic process does the nurse recognize? Low pulse pressure Decrease in afterload High pulse pressure Cushing triad - Correct Answer Low pulse pressure" "Which inherited bleeding disorder is the most common? Von Willebrand Classic hemophilia Christmas disease Rosenthal syndrome - Correct Answer Von Willebrand" "Which complication is the most common risk for all puncture wounds? Joint effusion Osteomyelitis Abscess Hemorrhage - Correct Answer Abscess" "79. A patient presents with vaginal bleeding and cramping. She tells the emergency nurse, "I passed clots at home. I think I lost my baby." Pelvic examination reveals that the cervical os is open. Which type of spontaneous abortion most likely occurred? Missed abortion Septic abortion Inevitable abortion Threatened abortion - Correct Answer Inevitable abortion" "The nurse practitioner ordered a procalcitonin to be drawn on a patient. This will identify which condition? Parathyroid disease Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) Tuberculosis Sepsis - Correct Answer Sepsis" "A patient presents with a sore throat and difficulty swallowing. Assessment reveals fever, muffled voice, and cervical lymphadenitis. What is the highest priority? Airway protection Pain management Preparation for incision and drainage Intravenous access for fluid resuscitation - Correct Answer Airway protection" "A 42-year-old female patient presents to the emergency department with complaints of having right upper quadrant cramping pain that radiates to the right scapula and shoulder areas. She also complains of being "bloated and passing gas." With her history, which gastrointestinal disorder is she at risk for? Cholecystitis Hepatitis Pancreatitis Diverticulitis - Correct Answer Cholecystitis" "A patient presents to the ED with chest pain. The nurse assesses the pain and determines that rest relieves the pain. What does the nurse determine this indicates? Stable angina Unstable angina Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction ST elevation myocardial infarction - Correct Answer Stable angina" "A 32-year-old female patient is brought to the emergency department via emergency medical services with a complaint of coughing for the past two weeks. The patient is now complaining of severe epigastric pain and is violently retching and vomiting blood. She has a history of alcohol abuse and bulimia. Which type of gastrointestinal disorder is the most likely cause of these symptoms? Diverticulitis Mallory-Weiss syndrome Pancreatitis Gastric ulcer - Correct Answer Mallory-Weiss syndrome" "Which stage pressure ulcer includes partial thickness skin loss? Stage 2 Stage 1 Stage 3 Stage 4 - Correct Answer Stage 2" "The Frank-Starling law applies to which component of cardiac output? Stroke volume Preload Heart rate Afterload - Correct Answer Preload" "Which of the following is an early sign of increasing intracranial pressure in a patient with a head injury? Bradycardia Widening pulse pressure Extension of upper extremities with stimuli Nausea and vomiting - Correct Answer Nausea and vomiting" "A patient arrives via emergency medical services and is unresponsive, pale, and with involuntary movement of the head and right side of the body. Symptoms continue despite midazolam having been administered in the field. Which medication should be administered next? Thiamine Fosphenytoin Phenobarbital Lorazepam - Correct Answer Lorazepam" "A 23-year-old patient with a stable ectopic pregnancy is being cared for by an emergency nurse. The emergency physician ordered methotrexate to be administered intramuscularly. Which statement by the nurse indicates an understanding of the medication? I'll instruct the patient to follow up in two weeks. I can give this medication because there is only scant vaginal bleeding. I'll give this medication because there is fetal cardiac activity. I can't administer this medication. I'm pregnant. - Correct Answer I can't administer this medication. I'm pregnant." "The nurse is giving discharge instructions to a patient with Bell's palsy. Which of the following will be included? Avoid sleeping on the affected side Instill artificial tears during the day Take antibiotics as prescribed Use a mouth guard at night - Correct Answer Instill artificial tears during the day" "Meningeal irritation in a 26-year-old patient is considered after which one of the following assessment findings? Positive Babinski Nuchal rigidity Abnormal flexion Negative Brudzinski sign - Correct Answer Nuchal rigidity" "A mass casualty incident occurred near a level one trauma center. There were several deaths ranging from ages 3 months to 42 years old. The nurses working that night were emotionally drained and physically stressed. A critical incident process was arranged within 24 hours. Which component of the critical incident stress management process took place? Debriefing Defusing Crisis intervention Follow-up - Correct Answer Debriefing" "An infant with a history of hydrocephalus presents with a bulging anterior fontanel, vomiting, poor feeding, and irritability. What condition do these clinical manifestations likely represent? Malrotation with volvulus Pyloric stenosis Ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction Meningococcemia - Correct Answer Ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction" "A 68-year-old woman presents with a chief complaint of fatigue and exhaustion. She states she nearly passed out that morning and just has no energy. She states she's nauseous, but thinks it's because she's a little dizzy from almost passing out. She is overweight and has a history of smoking for 40 years, but quit 5 years ago. The nurse's assessment reveals mild tachypnea and diaphoresis. What will be the priority diagnostic assessment for this patient? Coagulation panel Depression screening Complete blood count with differential Electrocardiogram - Correct Answer Electrocardiogram" "A multiple trauma patient, with rib fractures, a small, simple pneumothorax, and fractures of the tibia and fibula, is being transferred by rotor wing helicopter to a facility that provides a higher level of care. What is considered prior to transport by this mode? Ensure that fluids are infusing by gravity Chest tube is placed Air splint is applied properly Insert a urinary catheter - Correct Answer Chest tube is placed" "Which one of the following is a significant risk factor for a patient wanting to attempt suicide? History of past attempts Age between 25 and 35 years Winter months Acute physical illness - Correct Answer History of past attempts" "A 21-year-old female presents to the ED with complaints of pelvic pain. What possible cause of the pain is assessed for first? Urinary tract infection Ectopic pregnancy Ruptured ovarian cyst Kidney stones - Correct Answer Ectopic pregnancy" "The emergency nurse is giving discharge instructions to a patient who has just had a laceration closed with wound glue. Which statement indicates the patient understands the instructions? I should use sunscreen tomorrow when I go outside. I'll watch for it to slough off in the next two days. I should keep it covered with a bandage. I should look for redness or drainage. - Correct Answer I should look for redness or drainage." "The nurse is reviewing laboratory results in a patient who presents with hyperglycemia. Which of the following statements about the difference between diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome is true? The patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome presents with a more significant acidosis than the patient with diabetic ketoacidosis The patient with diabetic ketoacidosis presents with ketones in the urine and the patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome does not The patient with diabetic ketoacidosis presents with a higher blood glucose level than the patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a more common presentation in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, while hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) is more common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. - Correct Answer The patient with diabetic ketoacidosis presents with ketones in the urine and the patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome does not" "The licensed provider orders a medication that the patient has a known allergy to. The nurse mistakenly administers the medication to the patient. Which ethical principle did the nurse breach? Justice Nonmaleficence Beneficence Autonomy - Correct Answer Nonmaleficence" "A patient presents with an amputated thumb after an incident with a power saw. The nurse is readying the patient for transport to a trauma center for replantation. Which of the following represents a step in preparation of the amputated part? Cleanse with iodine Irrigate with distilled water Wrap in saline-soaked gauze Place the part in iced saline - Correct Answer Wrap in saline-soaked gauze" "Which term refers to a complete disruption of the articulating surface of the joint? Dislocation Subluxation Sprain Strain - Correct Answer Dislocation" "Which cranial nerves are responsible for airway protection and speech? III, IV, VI V, VIII, VII I, II, XI IX, X, XII - Correct Answer IX, X, XII" "An adult male presents to the ED complaining of pain to the fingers of his right hand after using rust remover containing hydrofluoric acid earlier in the day. He states the pain began about 30 minutes ago. The distal digits are discolored and painful, but the fingernails are intact. After decontaminating the patient with copious amounts of water, the emergency nurse anticipates application of which treatment to the affected areas? Calcium gluconate gel to the affected areas A topical fat emollient to the affected areas Calcium chloride gel to the affected areas Ice directly to the affected areas - Correct Answer Calcium gluconate gel to the affected areas" "What is the mode of transmission for the multidrug resistant organism vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus? Blood and body fluid Direct contact Respiratory droplets Airborne particles - Correct Answer Direct contact" "A 13-year-old presents to the emergency department. His parents state that he passed out at home and had been vomiting and had diarrhea for the last few days. He answers questions appropriately, although he complains of dizziness. His vital signs on arrival: BP 70/40 mm Hg, HR 132 beats/min, RR 24 breaths/min, T 36.9 C (98.4 F), and SpO2 97% without supplemental oxygen. A new graduate nurse inserted an intravenous line and is about to begin a fluid bolus of D5W. What does the preceptor explain to the new graduate nurse regarding fluid resuscitation? Because of the electrolyte disturbances from vomiting and diarrhea, use D5.45% sodium chloride. Because the patient is likely in septic shock, the fluid resuscitation is done slowly. The appropriate fluid for hypotension is isotonic crystalloid, not D5W As a pediatric patient, D5W fluid is given at a bolus rate of 20 mL/kg. - Correct Answer The appropriate fluid for hypotension is isotonic crystalloid, not D5W" "An 11-month-old patient presents to the ED with grunting, nasal flaring, copious nasal secretions, mild intercostal retractions, and expiratory wheezing. Vital signs include BP 78/54 mm Hg, HR 148 beats/min, RR 74 breaths/min, T 37.8 C (100.0 F), SpO2 93% without supplemental oxygen. Which intervention will be the nurses highest priority? Give a bolus of normal saline Prepare for intubation Administer antibiotics Suction the nares - Correct Answer Suction the nares" "Which of the following statements is most significant when assessing a patient for Guillain-Barré syndrome? My mother says I have been forgetful. Both of my legs really hurt at night. I've lost control of my bladder a few times. My eye twitches a lot lately. - Correct Answer Both of my legs really hurt at night." "A patient with chest pain has an electrocardiogram that reveals ST-segment elevation in diffuse leads, and no reciprocal changes. The patient feels better sitting forward. Which is the most likely condition this patient is experiencing? Pulmonary embolism Endocarditis Unstable angina Pericarditis - Correct Answer Pericarditis" "An 83-year-old female patient with a two-day history of vomiting and diarrhea is brought to the emergency department via ambulance from a nursing home. The patient does not respond to verbal stimuli. Pitting edema is noted to both lower extremities. Her vital signs are as follows: BP 85/45 mm Hg, HR 38 beats/min, RR 28 breaths/min, and SpO2 96% with oxygen at 15 LPM on nonrebreather mask. Which type of shock is displayed in this patient's presentation? Obstructive shock Uncompensated shock Compensated shock Distributive shock - Correct Answer Uncompensated shock" "Following a motorcycle collision, a 20-year-old male was transported to the ED via emergency medical services. Upon assessment, blood is observed at the urinary meatus. What is an appropriate intervention for this patient? Insert an indwelling urinary catheter Infuse isotonic crystalloid boluses to increase urinary output Obtain a urine specimen for analysis Obtain a surgical consult - Correct Answer Obtain a surgical consult" "A patient arrives in the ED with a complaint of having nausea and vomiting for 6 days. After the patient is registered for the visit, he is placed in a treatment room. The nurse explains the plan of care and the patient holds his arm out in preparation for blood specimen collection and intravenous line insertion. Which type of consent for treatment is this? Implied Involuntary Informed Express - Correct Answer Express" "A patient is brought to the ED after a car he was working on fell and trapped his leg. The skin of the extremity is tight and pale. He reports the pain is 10 on 0-to-10 scale. The peripheral pulses are normal and he has full range of motion, but it hurts. Which intervention will the nurse perform first? Send the patient for limb radiographs Position the extremity at the level of the heart Splint the extremity in a neutral position Prepare the patient for a fasciotomy - Correct Answer Position the extremity at the level of the heart" "The emergency nurse is caring for an 11-month-old child found unresponsive and apneic, face down in a bucket of water. The child received rescue breaths and had rapid return of respirations and is now awake, with normal vital signs. The nurse should anticipate which of the following? Early endotracheal intubation for preservation of airway Prophylactic anticonvulsant medication Close observation for a minimum of 24 hours Radiographic imaging of the patient's spine - Correct Answer Close observation for a minimum of 24 hours" "A homeless patient is transported to the emergency department by emergency medical services (EMS) in the middle of winter, complaining of numbness and tingling to his distal fingers and toes, which are now whitish with a waxy appearance. What is an appropriate method for rewarming? Immerse the affected areas in circulating warm water Passively rewarm the affected area by warming the environment Actively rewarm the affected area by infusion of warm IV solutions Massage the affected areas until warm - Correct Answer Immerse the affected areas in circulating warm water" "Caregivers bring their 2-year-old son to the ED with suspected foreign body ingestion. He was found playing with a box of buttons. Vital signs are BP 92/54 mm Hg, HR 134 beats/min, RR 24 breaths/min, T 37.0 C (98.6 F), SpO2 99% without supplemental oxygen. There are no retractions or increased work of breathing, but he does cough with inspiration. He is able to talk. His breath sounds are diminished, with expiratory wheezing on the right. The left breath sounds are clear. Which intervention will the nurse prepare for? Endoscopic removal The Heimlich maneuver Manual removal Direct laryngoscopy with forceps - Correct Answer Endoscopic removal" "A child presents complaining of difficulty urinating. In triage, the mother begins speaking in Spanish. There is an adolescent sibling who begins to translate for his mother. Which of the following is the most effective nursing intervention to complete the patient assessment? Ask a Spanish-speaking bilingual nurse to translate Allow the sibling to continue translating Access an Internet translation service to type in questions Use the hospital phone translation services - Correct Answer Use the hospital phone translation services" "For a dark-skinned patient, which technique effectively assesses for early jaundice? Assess the stool for clay discoloration Observe for yellow discoloration of the palate Blanch the skin over the sternum and assess for yellow discoloration Depress the nailbed and observe for yellow discoloration - Correct Answer Observe for yellow discoloration of the palate" "A patient is transported to the emergency department via emergency medical services (EMS) with an SpO2 of 87%, hypotension, and seizures after being removed from a confined space in a burning industrial plant that manufactures plastic toys. What poisoning does the emergency nurse suspect? Carbon monoxide Organophosphate Insecticide Cyanide - Correct Answer Cyanide" "An 8-year-old boy with a history of sickle cell disease presents with right knee pain that he rates at 8 out of 10 on the numeric scale. He denies history of recent injury. There is no redness or swelling at the site. The knee is tender to light palpation, but it radiates no heat to touch. The nurse anticipates the use of which of the following pharmacological agents? Morphine Meperidine Fentanyl Ibuprofen - Correct Answer Morphine" "A 68-year-old male presents to the emergency department with a complaint of increasing confusion over the past week after he tripped and fell, hitting his head. What type of brain injury is suspected? Mild traumatic brain injury Epidural hematoma Subdural hematoma Basilar skull fracture - Correct Answer Subdural hematoma" "Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) can be an ideal therapy to use on a respiratory failure patient with which associated assessment finding? Absent gag reflex Nasal deformity Distended neck veins Excessive oral secretions - Correct Answer Distended neck veins" "Which assessment finding indicates magnesium toxicity in a patient with preeclampsia who is receiving a magnesium sulfate infusion? Shortness of breath Hyperactive patellar reflexes Elevated liver function tests Decreased urinary output - Correct Answer Shortness of breath" "An emergency nurse knows that quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a neonate is achieved by? Hyperventilating the neonate to improve oxygenation Rotating persons that perform chest compressions every four minutes Beginning resuscitation with 100% oxygen Performing chest compressions with minimal interruptions - Correct Answer Performing chest compressions with minimal interruptions" "A 20-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of pleuritic chest pain, mild dyspnea, and a cough. Assessment reveals a tall, thin patient with tachycardia and diminished breath sounds on the right side. What thoracic condition is the most likely cause? Spontaneous pneumothorax Open pneumothorax Tension pneumothorax Hemothorax - Correct Answer Spontaneous pneumothorax" "Which of the following techniques is the most effective way to determine homicidal ideation? Inquire about the patient's interaction with family members and friends Ask the patient about plans to carry out violence and any prohibiting factors Observe the patient for threatening statements, movements, or actions Be aware of any threatening feelings experienced while interacting with the patient - Correct Answer Ask the patient about plans to carry out violence and any prohibiting factors" "A patient presents with a positive purified protein derivative (PPD) test that was administered 2 days ago. She has no other symptoms. Which isolation precautions will the nurse initiate? Contact Standard Airborne Droplet - Correct Answer Standard" "Which intervention is a priority for a patient with a retinal detachment? Bilateral eye patching Warm compresses Immediate irrigation Antibiotic therapy - Correct Answer Bilateral eye patching" "A 32-year-old female patient presents to the ED with complaints of abdominal pain that is 10 out of 10 on a numeric rating scale. A pregnancy test is negative. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen has been ordered. The physician wants to hold analgesia until the CT is completed. As an advocate for the patient, what might the emergency nurse do in this situation? Request an order for an opioid Request an order for a nonopioid Have the patient use distraction techniques Have the patient use deep breathing - Correct Answer Request an order for an opioid" "A patient presents to the emergency department with superficial reddened welts to the hands and upper extremities incurred after placing his hands and arms into the jellyfish tank at the local zoo. After irrigating the wounds with normal saline and removing the tentacles with forceps, what is the best treatment for pain management? Application of a fat emollient Application of a pressure bandage Application of topical antihistamines Application of acetic acid - Correct Answer Application of acetic acid" "A 58-year-old male arrives to the ED following a motor vehicle collision. Assessment reveals bony crepitus and bruising over the left chest with paradoxical chest wall movement. He complains that it is difficult to breathe and his chest hurts. His vital signs are BP 118/60 mm Hg, HR 110 beats/min, RR 32 breaths/min and shallow, T 37.0 C (98.6 F) SpO2 95% with 15 L/min via nonrebreather mask. The nurse will prepare for which priority intervention? Portable chest radiograph 12-lead electrocardiogram Chest tube insertion - Correct Answer Intubation with positive end-expiratory pressure" "A patient arrives via emergency medical services and is unresponsive, pale, and with involuntary movements on the right side of body. Symptoms continue despite midazolam having been administered in the field. What is the priority intervention for this patient? Endotracheal intubation Airway protection Computed tomography scan Phenytoin level - Correct Answer Airway protection" "A 12-year-old male is brought to the emergency department by his mother with complaints of difficulty breathing, swollen eyes and lips, and hives. The mother states that the child had just finished eating a peanut butter cookie. Epinephrine was administered. What is the next class of medications to be administered to the patient? Inhaled beta 2 agonist Corticosteroid Antihistamine Anticholinergic - Correct Answer Inhaled beta 2 agonist" "Elevation of the head of the bed, but not the affected extremity, ambulation as tolerated, and thrombolytic therapy are interventions for which type of peripheral vascular disease? Lymphedema Peripheral artery disease Deep vein thrombosis Peripheral venous disease - Correct Answer Peripheral artery disease" "Which of these is a violation of the emergency medical treatment and active labor act (EMTALA)? Transferring a patient and sending the medical records electronically Transferring a patient to a facility where the charge nurse is the accepting professional Providing a medical screening examination three hours after arrival to the emergency department Transferring an unstable patient to a facility that will provide a higher level of care - Correct Answer Transferring a patient to a facility where the charge nurse is the accepting professional" "A 15-year-old female presents to the emergency department with crampy left lower quadrant abdominal pain that lasted for 4 hours prior to arrival. She also is having frequent, severe, bloody diarrhea. What gastrointestinal disorder is she most likely experiencing? Ulcerative colitis Diverticulitis Crohn's disease Appendicitis - Correct Answer Ulcerative colitis" "An adult presents to the emergency department complaining of a low-grade fever, malaise, pain in the joints, and headache for the past week. The patient reports hiking in wooded areas during a recent vacation in the Northeast United States. Upon physical assessment, a circular, flat, red rash with central clearing is noted to the left scapular area, and local tenderness upon palpation to the left axillary lymph node. After confirmatory diagnosis, the emergency nurse anticipates which course of pharmacologic treatment? Levofloxacin Doxycycline Ceftriaxone Praziquantel - Correct Answer Doxycycline" "An adolescent patient who siphoned gasoline presents with coughing, vomiting, and decreased oxygen saturation. Which delayed sequela is most likely? Dysrhythmias Seizure Hepatotoxicity Chemical pneumonitis - Correct Answer Chemical pneumonitis" "Which eye condition requires bilateral patching of the eyes? Hyphema Ruptured globe Corneal ulcer Keratitis - Correct Answer Ruptured globe" "An emergency nurse recently obtained specialty certification. Which category of lifelong learning includes this type of achievement? Professional development Informal learning Self-teaching Problem-based learning - Correct Answer Professional development" "Wolff-Parkinson-White is what type of dysrhythmia? Supraventricular Ventricular Junctional Heart block - Correct Answer Supraventricular" "Emergency medical services bring in a woman at 36 weeks gestation who has fallen from a balcony. The patient has no pulse and is not breathing. Chest compressions are in progress. What is highest priority for this patient? Inserting two large bore intravenous lines Placing the patient in the left lateral position Continue maternal resuscitation Obtaining fetal cardiac activity - Correct Answer Continue maternal resuscitation" "When providing discharge instructions for a patient with gonorrhea, the nurse tells the patient? If the infection is still active when you go into labor, you may need a C-section. Tell all sexual partners to seek evaluation and treatment. Abstain from having sexual intercourse for 7 days after treatment has been completed. Come back to the emergency department for follow-up treatment. - Correct Answer Tell all sexual partners to seek evaluation and treatment." "A patient presents to the ED after spending the past three days gardening. The chief complaint is chest pain. There is no shortness of breath, but breathing makes it hurt worse. Assessment reveals bilateral clear breath sounds, tenderness to palpation along the left sternal border. The 12-lead ECG and cardiac enzymes are within normal limits. What is the most likely treatment for this condition? Nitroglycerin and aspirin Antibiotic therapy Corticosteroids Ibuprofen and heat - Correct Answer Ibuprofen and heat" "Distributive shock is best characterized by which of the following patient presentations? Following a motor vehicle collision, a 20-year-old female has decreased sensation below the nipple line. Vital signs are BP 80/50 mm Hg, HR 54 beats/min, RR 10 breaths/min, T 36.7 C (98.2 F), SpO2 93% on 15 L/min via nonrebreather mask. Following a motor vehicle collision, a 45-year-old male suffered massive blood loss from a partially amputated leg. Vital signs are BP 90/48 mm Hg, HR 120 beats/min, RR 24 breaths/min, T 36.7 C (98.2 F), SpO2 96% without supplemental oxygen. A 36-year-old female with fatigue for two days presents with the following vital signs BP 89/45 mm Hg, HR 190 beats/min, RR 26 breaths/min, T 36.7 C (98.2 F), SpO2 88% with 15 L/min via nonrebreather mask. A 20-year-old male with sudden onset of shortness of breath. His vital signs are BP 104/70 mm Hg, HR 96 beats/min, RR 22 breaths/min, T 36.7 C (98.2 F) - Correct Answer Following a motor vehicle collision, a 20-year-old female has decreased sensation below the nipple line. Vital signs are BP 80/50 mm Hg, HR 54 beats/min, RR 10 breaths/min, T 36.7 C (98.2 F), SpO2 93% on 15 L/min via nonrebreather mask." "A patient reports testicular swelling that he believes is due to physical activity. On physical exam, he is orthopneic, has dyspnea on exertion with a respiratory rate of 28 breaths/min, and has 3+ pitting edema of bilateral lower extremities, scrotum, and abdomen. These findings are most consistent with which of the following conditions? Heart failure Sexually transmitted infection Obesity Lymphedema - Correct Answer Heart failure" "After exposure in a house fire, the patient presents to the emergency department with dyspnea and hoarse vocalization. Which condition does the nurse suspect? Angioedema Pneumonia Asthma exacerbation Respiratory distress syndrome - Correct Answer Angioedema" "A patient is brought to the ED following a motor vehicle collision in which the patient was ejected from the vehicle. He has obvious bruising on his sternum. He has muffled heart sounds, jugular venous distention, and low blood pressure. This group of clinical manifestations is also known as: Cushing's triad Kehr's sign Beck's triad Kussmaul's sign - Correct Answer Beck's triad" "A 40-year-old man presents to the emergency department with minimal urine output for the past two days. His history includes recent kidney stones. Which type of renal injury does this represent? Intrarenal Intrinsic Prerenal Postrenal - Correct Answer Postrenal"