HCAD 222 EXAM 3 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWER | VERIFIED
ANSWERS (100% CORRECT) | LATEST EXAM UPDATE
1.Social Security was never intended to be the sole source of income for people
in retirement.
2.The Social Security Act of 1935 was a response to the Great Depression at a
time when only ____ of the U.S. population was over age 65.
3.Even though Social Security benefits are derived from taxation, they are
subject to taxation.
4.The age of eligibility for full Social Security benefits was ____ but between
2002 and 2007 rose to ____.
5.The inequities in Social Security are largely being ignored in current debates
about changing the system. - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.True
2.5%
3.True
4.65,67
5.True
1.Older Americans possess which of the following resources that other age
groups lack?
2.Between the 1950's and the 1990s, the average age of retirement has ______.
3.Older workers have less absenteeism, lower job turnover, and a lower accident
rate than younger workers.
4.During the 20th century, free time increased in all of the following ways
except through ____
5.Which law forbade older workers from being limited or treated in any way
that would harm their employment possibilities? - CORRECT ANSWER -
1.Time
2.Decreased
3.True
,4. a reduction of the work week.
5.Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967
1.People of all ages were impacted by the expansion and availability of the
Internet in 1990s. This is an example of what kind of effect?
2.Boomers were the first generation in American history where more than half
achieved some level of higher education.
3.Boomers make up what proportion of the US population?
4.When considering any cohort, such as the Boomers, it is important to keep in
mind not only age, period and cohort effects, but the impact of class, ethnicity,
and gender as well in shaping individual experiences.
5.How much advertising does AARP estimate is aimed at the mature adult
demographic? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.Period effect
2.True
3.About one quarter
4.True
5.less than 25%
Social and Economic Outlook for an Aging Society - CORRECT ANSWER -
By itself, population aging does not dictate the shape of things to come, and
there is certainly no cause to be gloomy about the coming of an aging society.
The point to remember is that the life one leads as a younger person will affect
prospects for old age. The social and economic outlook for an aging society,
then, is not simply something to be predicted but something to be constructed.
The decisions we make today depend on thoughtful consideration of the
controversies that will shape the aging society of tomorrow.
varieties of aging experiences - CORRECT ANSWER - •Stereotypes:
assuming every member of this group must be like this vs. Generalizations: not
a memeber of a specific group and understand some information of that people
from that specific group.
•Ageism
,-"ill-derly" (lower socioeconomics)
-"well-derly" (higher socioeconomics)
• Age, gender, race, and social class
-Interact in complex ways to define individual experiences
•Adaptive strength of many disadvantaged older people
•Increasing ethnic diversity-a lag time
Race and Ethnicity - CORRECT ANSWER - •Majority 65+ White, but
minorities increasing- a lag time
•African American
•Hispanic/Latino
•Asian
•Native American
•Heterogeneity & many, many other ethnic groups
African Americans - CORRECT ANSWER - •9% of 65+ > 13% (2060)
•Lower life expectancy at birth and in most decades of life
-COVID lost us 1 year, 3X worse in AA community
*lost 3 years of life expectancy due to covid and already have a lower life
expectancy. If you are african american and can make it to 70, you havea higher
chance to make it to old age.
•Experience impairment, but ¯ NH admittance, tend to rely more on family
members for caregivers.
-Cross over Phenomenon or caregiving patterns?
*African African woman make it to old age.
•Informal support networks
•AA face many disadvantages, not all to same degree
1.African-Americans constitute the largest minority group among the aged,
currently comprising 9% of all Americans over age 65.
, 2.By 2060, it is estimated that 13% of the older population will be African-
American.
3.In comparison with Whites, African-Americans generally face a lower life
expectancy at birth and in most decades of life.
4.Older African Americans also tend to experience more functional impairment
from chronic illness, yet they are far less likely than Whites to be admitted to
nursing homes.
5.Is this disparity attributable to the crossover phenomenon-after AGE 75 black
LE exceeds white LE, to discrimination in long-term care facilities, or to some
other factor, such as family caregiving patterns?
6.This last possibility points to a source of strength among many Black families,
namely, extensive informal support networks.
7.Although African-Americans face many disadvantages, all are not
disadvantaged to the same degree.
8.For instance, some are quite well off at retirement, especially those who have
had college educations and professional careers, another example of how
important it is to look at where an individual is positioned across multiple
characteristics such as education level, social class, ethnicity and race, sexuality,
an
Hispanics - CORRECT ANSWER - •8% of 65+ 20% (2050)
•Overwhelmingly Catholic, great diversity on other dimensions
-"Hispanic Paradox": folks who have longer longevity have less education,
income, and acess to healthcare.
• LE 65, ¯ lifetime earnings, SS years, education
•Face significant disability challenges
•living conditions and health care disparities
• poverty, ¯ health status, cognitive impairment in later life
•COVID - 2X (2yr) worse life expectancy
*hit harder on covid
•More likely to rely on informal supports than on formally organized services
ANSWERS (100% CORRECT) | LATEST EXAM UPDATE
1.Social Security was never intended to be the sole source of income for people
in retirement.
2.The Social Security Act of 1935 was a response to the Great Depression at a
time when only ____ of the U.S. population was over age 65.
3.Even though Social Security benefits are derived from taxation, they are
subject to taxation.
4.The age of eligibility for full Social Security benefits was ____ but between
2002 and 2007 rose to ____.
5.The inequities in Social Security are largely being ignored in current debates
about changing the system. - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.True
2.5%
3.True
4.65,67
5.True
1.Older Americans possess which of the following resources that other age
groups lack?
2.Between the 1950's and the 1990s, the average age of retirement has ______.
3.Older workers have less absenteeism, lower job turnover, and a lower accident
rate than younger workers.
4.During the 20th century, free time increased in all of the following ways
except through ____
5.Which law forbade older workers from being limited or treated in any way
that would harm their employment possibilities? - CORRECT ANSWER -
1.Time
2.Decreased
3.True
,4. a reduction of the work week.
5.Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967
1.People of all ages were impacted by the expansion and availability of the
Internet in 1990s. This is an example of what kind of effect?
2.Boomers were the first generation in American history where more than half
achieved some level of higher education.
3.Boomers make up what proportion of the US population?
4.When considering any cohort, such as the Boomers, it is important to keep in
mind not only age, period and cohort effects, but the impact of class, ethnicity,
and gender as well in shaping individual experiences.
5.How much advertising does AARP estimate is aimed at the mature adult
demographic? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.Period effect
2.True
3.About one quarter
4.True
5.less than 25%
Social and Economic Outlook for an Aging Society - CORRECT ANSWER -
By itself, population aging does not dictate the shape of things to come, and
there is certainly no cause to be gloomy about the coming of an aging society.
The point to remember is that the life one leads as a younger person will affect
prospects for old age. The social and economic outlook for an aging society,
then, is not simply something to be predicted but something to be constructed.
The decisions we make today depend on thoughtful consideration of the
controversies that will shape the aging society of tomorrow.
varieties of aging experiences - CORRECT ANSWER - •Stereotypes:
assuming every member of this group must be like this vs. Generalizations: not
a memeber of a specific group and understand some information of that people
from that specific group.
•Ageism
,-"ill-derly" (lower socioeconomics)
-"well-derly" (higher socioeconomics)
• Age, gender, race, and social class
-Interact in complex ways to define individual experiences
•Adaptive strength of many disadvantaged older people
•Increasing ethnic diversity-a lag time
Race and Ethnicity - CORRECT ANSWER - •Majority 65+ White, but
minorities increasing- a lag time
•African American
•Hispanic/Latino
•Asian
•Native American
•Heterogeneity & many, many other ethnic groups
African Americans - CORRECT ANSWER - •9% of 65+ > 13% (2060)
•Lower life expectancy at birth and in most decades of life
-COVID lost us 1 year, 3X worse in AA community
*lost 3 years of life expectancy due to covid and already have a lower life
expectancy. If you are african american and can make it to 70, you havea higher
chance to make it to old age.
•Experience impairment, but ¯ NH admittance, tend to rely more on family
members for caregivers.
-Cross over Phenomenon or caregiving patterns?
*African African woman make it to old age.
•Informal support networks
•AA face many disadvantages, not all to same degree
1.African-Americans constitute the largest minority group among the aged,
currently comprising 9% of all Americans over age 65.
, 2.By 2060, it is estimated that 13% of the older population will be African-
American.
3.In comparison with Whites, African-Americans generally face a lower life
expectancy at birth and in most decades of life.
4.Older African Americans also tend to experience more functional impairment
from chronic illness, yet they are far less likely than Whites to be admitted to
nursing homes.
5.Is this disparity attributable to the crossover phenomenon-after AGE 75 black
LE exceeds white LE, to discrimination in long-term care facilities, or to some
other factor, such as family caregiving patterns?
6.This last possibility points to a source of strength among many Black families,
namely, extensive informal support networks.
7.Although African-Americans face many disadvantages, all are not
disadvantaged to the same degree.
8.For instance, some are quite well off at retirement, especially those who have
had college educations and professional careers, another example of how
important it is to look at where an individual is positioned across multiple
characteristics such as education level, social class, ethnicity and race, sexuality,
an
Hispanics - CORRECT ANSWER - •8% of 65+ 20% (2050)
•Overwhelmingly Catholic, great diversity on other dimensions
-"Hispanic Paradox": folks who have longer longevity have less education,
income, and acess to healthcare.
• LE 65, ¯ lifetime earnings, SS years, education
•Face significant disability challenges
•living conditions and health care disparities
• poverty, ¯ health status, cognitive impairment in later life
•COVID - 2X (2yr) worse life expectancy
*hit harder on covid
•More likely to rely on informal supports than on formally organized services
