Biology 1080 Final Exam Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
ATP Production - ANSWER-- glucose & fatty acids generate the most ATP
(Protein doesn't want to be broken down and therefore generates very little ATP)
-glycolysis (cytoplasm) and Krebs cycle (Mitochondria Matrix) both produce 2ATP
each
-electron transport chain makes the most ATP (34 total) occurs in the inner
mitochondria membrane
Somatic Nervous System - ANSWER-Voluntary movements
Autonomic Nervous System - ANSWER-Involuntary (automatic) movements
Ex. Heart rate and breathing rate
Parasympathetic Nervous System - ANSWER-Restful conditions / Acetlycholine
Sympathetic Nervous System - ANSWER-Stressful conditions / Norepinephrine
Five Major Cell Types of the CNS - ANSWER-1) Neurons
2) Astrocytes
2) Microgila
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,3) Ependymal cells
4) Oligodendrocytes
5)Schwann Cells
*the first four are in the CNS the last one is in the PNS, #4 and 5 can also be
grouped together and called glial cells or non-neuon cells
Two Types of Neurons (which one is the fastest?) - ANSWER-1) Myelinated -
Fastetest 6-120m/s
2) Unmylenated - 0.5-2m/s
Multiple Sclerosis - ANSWER-The destruction of the myelin sheath, due to an
autoimmune disorder
Four common examples of neurotransmitters - ANSWER-Serotonin
acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Alzheimers - ANSWER-Lack of acetlycholine
Depression - ANSWER-Insufficient levels of dopamine, serotonin and
norepinephrine
Teenage Brain - ANSWER-Remodelling of the brains neural network
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, -Development of new synapses
-pruning away unused ones
Oligodendrocytes - ANSWER-Found in the CNS - span multiple axons (each can
support up to 30 myelin rolls)
Schwann Cells - ANSWER-Found in the PNS - span axons, but not multiple
Oligodendrocytes and Schwann Cells - ANSWER-These two cells produce a
compound that insulates nerve axons and greatly increases the speed of transition.
Astrocytes - ANSWER--Communication (responsible for exchange of materials
between the neutrons & capillaries)
-Release paracrine compounds and nutrients to regulate
1) the blood brain barrier (BBB)
2)ventricle ependymal lining
3) nodes of ranvier
Microglia - ANSWER-Immune defense ( mobile macrophage)
Ependymal Cells - ANSWER-Line the ventricles to form a barrier and produce
cerebrospinal fluid
Blood Brain Barrier - ANSWER-Has tight control over what gets through to the
brain
COPYRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED, TRUSTED AND VERIFIED 3
and Answers 100% Pass
ATP Production - ANSWER-- glucose & fatty acids generate the most ATP
(Protein doesn't want to be broken down and therefore generates very little ATP)
-glycolysis (cytoplasm) and Krebs cycle (Mitochondria Matrix) both produce 2ATP
each
-electron transport chain makes the most ATP (34 total) occurs in the inner
mitochondria membrane
Somatic Nervous System - ANSWER-Voluntary movements
Autonomic Nervous System - ANSWER-Involuntary (automatic) movements
Ex. Heart rate and breathing rate
Parasympathetic Nervous System - ANSWER-Restful conditions / Acetlycholine
Sympathetic Nervous System - ANSWER-Stressful conditions / Norepinephrine
Five Major Cell Types of the CNS - ANSWER-1) Neurons
2) Astrocytes
2) Microgila
COPYRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED, TRUSTED AND VERIFIED 1
,3) Ependymal cells
4) Oligodendrocytes
5)Schwann Cells
*the first four are in the CNS the last one is in the PNS, #4 and 5 can also be
grouped together and called glial cells or non-neuon cells
Two Types of Neurons (which one is the fastest?) - ANSWER-1) Myelinated -
Fastetest 6-120m/s
2) Unmylenated - 0.5-2m/s
Multiple Sclerosis - ANSWER-The destruction of the myelin sheath, due to an
autoimmune disorder
Four common examples of neurotransmitters - ANSWER-Serotonin
acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Alzheimers - ANSWER-Lack of acetlycholine
Depression - ANSWER-Insufficient levels of dopamine, serotonin and
norepinephrine
Teenage Brain - ANSWER-Remodelling of the brains neural network
COPYRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED, TRUSTED AND VERIFIED 2
, -Development of new synapses
-pruning away unused ones
Oligodendrocytes - ANSWER-Found in the CNS - span multiple axons (each can
support up to 30 myelin rolls)
Schwann Cells - ANSWER-Found in the PNS - span axons, but not multiple
Oligodendrocytes and Schwann Cells - ANSWER-These two cells produce a
compound that insulates nerve axons and greatly increases the speed of transition.
Astrocytes - ANSWER--Communication (responsible for exchange of materials
between the neutrons & capillaries)
-Release paracrine compounds and nutrients to regulate
1) the blood brain barrier (BBB)
2)ventricle ependymal lining
3) nodes of ranvier
Microglia - ANSWER-Immune defense ( mobile macrophage)
Ependymal Cells - ANSWER-Line the ventricles to form a barrier and produce
cerebrospinal fluid
Blood Brain Barrier - ANSWER-Has tight control over what gets through to the
brain
COPYRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED, TRUSTED AND VERIFIED 3
