Test Bank for: Immunology and Serology in Laboratory
Medicine, 7th Edition: by (Turgeon) Chapter 1-27
Chapter 1-27
Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generally considered to be
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
DIF: Cognitive Level: I
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans.
ANS: C
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried
powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I
3. A specific function of the immune system is to
a. recognize self from nonself.
b. defend the body against nonself.
c. amplify specific functions.
d. Both A and B.
ANS: D
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body
against nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has
nonspecific effector mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific
components of the immune system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear
leukocytes, and soluble factors (e.g., complement).
DIF: Cognitive Level: I
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
a. natural resistance.
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases.
, c. an autoimmune disorder.
d. recovery from infectious disease.
ANS: C
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired
resistance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can cause
many disorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy, rejection of a
transplanted organ, or an autoimmune disorder.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I
5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells.
ANS: D
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed elements, with
the distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility, replicability, and cooperation
among different cells or cellular products. Specificity and memory are characteristics of
lymphocytes in the immune system. Nonspecific elements of the immune system demonstrate
mobility. In addition, specific and nonspecific cellular components of the immune system can
replicate. Cooperation is required for optimal functioning, and interaction involves specific
cellular elements, cell products, and nonlymphoid elements.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the
a. immediate hours after conception
b. second month of gestation.
c. second trimester of gestation.
d. periods of severe anemia in children.
ANS: A
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence in the
embryo and fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second month of gestation.
DIF: Cognitive Level: II
7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow.
b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen.
c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow.
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac.
ANS: A
, Thea3firsta3blooda3cellsa3area3primitivea3reda3blooda3cellsa3(erythroblasts;a3RBCs)a3formeda3ina3
thea3isletsa3ofa3thea3yolka3saca3duringa3thea3firsta32a3toa38a3weeksa3ofa3life.a3Gradually,a3thea3li
vera3anda3spleena3replacea3thea3yolka3saca3asa3thea3sitesa3ofa3blooda3cella3development.a3Bya3t
hea3seconda3montha3ofa3gestation,a3thea3livera3becomesa3thea3majora3sitea3ofa3hematopoiesis,a3
anda3granulara3typesa3ofa3leukocytesa3havea3madea3theira3initiala3appearance.a3Thea3livera3and
a3spleena3predominatea3froma3abouta32a3toa35a3monthsa3ofa3fetala3life.a3Ina3thea3fourtha3montha
3ofa3gestation,a3bonea3marrowa3beginsa3toa3producea3blooda3cells.a3Aftera3thea3fiftha3fetala3mon
th,a3bonea3marrowa3beginsa3toa3assumea3itsa3ultimatea3rolea3asa3thea3primarya3sitea3ofa3hemato
poiesis.
DIF: Cognitivea3Level:a3II
8. Thea3primarya3functiona3ofa3maturea3neutrophilsa3is
a. toa3reducea3inflammation.
b. toa3lysea3parasitesa3ina3thea3circulatorya3system.
c. antigena3recognition.
d. phagocytosis.
ANS:a 3 D
Variousa3phagocytica3cellsa3continuallya3circulatea3throughouta3thea3blood,a3lymph,a3gastrointe
stinala3system,a3anda3respiratorya3tract.a3Whena3traumaa3occurs,a3thea3neutrophilsa3arrivea3ata3t
hea3sitea3ofa3injurya3anda3cana3bea3founda3ina3thea3initiala3exudatea3ina3lessa3thana31a3hour.a3Mon
ocytesa3area3slowera3ina3movinga3toa3thea3inflammatorya3site.a3Macrophagesa3residenta3ina3thea3
tissuesa3ofa3thea3bodya3area3alreadya3ina3placea3toa3deala3witha3ana3intrudinga3agent.a3Additional
a3macrophagesa3froma3thea3bonea3marrowa3anda3othera3tissuesa3cana3bea3releaseda3ina3severea3in
fections.
DIF: Cognitivea3Level:a3II
9. Primarya3granules,a3ora3azurophilica3granules,a3ina3neutrophilsa3contain
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Botha3Aa3anda3B.
ANS:a 3 D
Granulesa3ina3thea3phagocytea3cytosola3containa3degradatorya3enzymesa3ofa3threea3types
1. Primary,a3ora3azurophilic,a3granulesa3containinga3enzymesa3(e.g.,a3lyso
zyme,a3myeloperoxidase)
2. Secondary,a3ora3specific,a3granulesa3containinga3substancesa3sucha3asa3lactoferrin.
3. Tertiarya3granulesa3containinga3substancesa3sucha3asa3caspases
DIF: Cognitivea3Level:a3I
10. Thea3origina3ofa3aa3conditiona3whena3eosinophilsa3area3increaseda3ina3thea3circulatinga3blooda3i
sa3associateda3with:
a. fungus
b. parasitica3amoeba
c. allergica3reactions
d. bacteria
ANS:a 3 C
, Ana3increasea3ina3eosinophilsa3isa3associateda3witha3aa3widea3varietya3ofa3conditions,a3buta3esp
eciallya3witha3allergica3reactions,a3druga3reactions,a3certaina3skina3disorders,a3parasitica3infest
ations,a3collagena3vasculara3diseases,a3Hodgkina3disease,a3anda3myeloproliferativea3diseases.
Aa3functionala3propertya3relateda3toa3thea3membranea3receptorsa3ofa3thea3eosinophila3isa3thea3ce
ll’sa3abilitya3toa3interacta3witha3thea3larvala3stagesa3ofa3somea3helmintha3parasitesa3anda3dama
gea3thema3bya3oxidativea3mechanisms.a3Certaina3proteinsa3releaseda3froma3eosinophilica3gran
ulesa3damagea3antibody-
coateda3Schistosomaa3parasitesa3anda3maya3accounta3fora3damagea3toa3endotheliala3cellsa3ina3
hypereosinophilica3syndromes.
DIF: Cognitivea3Level:a3I
11. Aa3basophila3degranulatesa3ina3a(n)
a. inflammatorya3reaction.
b. immediatea3(acute)a3hypersensitivitya3reaction.
c. chronica3tissuea3rejection.
d. Botha3Aa3anda3B.
ANS:a 3 B
Basophilsa3havea3higha3concentrationsa3ofa3heparina3anda3histaminea3ina3theira3granules.a3Ifa3eve
ntsa3area3triggereda3bya3antigensa3froma3pollen,a3food,a3drugs,a3ora3insecta3venom,a3thea3resulta3
isa3ana3immediatea3hypersensitivitya3reaction.
DIF: Cognitivea3Level:a3II
12. Mononucleara3cellsa3area3effectivea3phagocytica3cellsa3against
a. staphylococci.
b. streptococci.
c. Mycobacteriuma3tuberculosis.
d. pneumonia.
ANS:a 3 C
Mononucleara3cellsa3area3particularlya3effectivea3asa3phagocytica3cellsa3becausea3ofa3thea3largea
3amountsa3ofa3lipasea3ina3theira3cytoplasm.a3Lipasea3isa3ablea3toa3attacka3bacteriaa3witha3aa3lip
ida3capsule,a3sucha3asa3Mycobacteriuma3tuberculosis.
DIF: Cognitivea3Level:a3I
13. Macrophages
a. processa3antigens.
b. physicallya3presenta3biologicallya3modifieda3antigensa3toa3lymphocytes.
c. secretea3aa3lymphocyte-activatinga3factora3(IL-
1)a3asa3aa3resulta3ofa3propera3MHCa3recognition.
d. Alla3ofa3thea3above.
ANS:a 3 D
Thea3phagocytica3propertya3ofa3thea3macrophagea3isa3particularlya3importanta3ina3thea3processi
nga3ofa3antigensa3asa3parta3ofa3thea3immunea3response.a3Macrophagesa3area3believeda3toa3process
a3antigensa3anda3physicallya3presenta3thisa3biochemicallya3modifieda3anda3morea3reactivea3form
a3ofa3antigena3toa3lymphocytesa3(particularlya3Ta3helpera3cells)a3asa3ana3initiala3stepa3ina3thea3i
mmunea3response.
DIF: Cognitivea3Level:a3II
Medicine, 7th Edition: by (Turgeon) Chapter 1-27
Chapter 1-27
Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generally considered to be
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
DIF: Cognitive Level: I
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans.
ANS: C
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried
powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I
3. A specific function of the immune system is to
a. recognize self from nonself.
b. defend the body against nonself.
c. amplify specific functions.
d. Both A and B.
ANS: D
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body
against nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has
nonspecific effector mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific
components of the immune system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear
leukocytes, and soluble factors (e.g., complement).
DIF: Cognitive Level: I
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
a. natural resistance.
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases.
, c. an autoimmune disorder.
d. recovery from infectious disease.
ANS: C
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired
resistance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can cause
many disorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy, rejection of a
transplanted organ, or an autoimmune disorder.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I
5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells.
ANS: D
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed elements, with
the distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility, replicability, and cooperation
among different cells or cellular products. Specificity and memory are characteristics of
lymphocytes in the immune system. Nonspecific elements of the immune system demonstrate
mobility. In addition, specific and nonspecific cellular components of the immune system can
replicate. Cooperation is required for optimal functioning, and interaction involves specific
cellular elements, cell products, and nonlymphoid elements.
DIF: Cognitive Level: I
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the
a. immediate hours after conception
b. second month of gestation.
c. second trimester of gestation.
d. periods of severe anemia in children.
ANS: A
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence in the
embryo and fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second month of gestation.
DIF: Cognitive Level: II
7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow.
b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen.
c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow.
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac.
ANS: A
, Thea3firsta3blooda3cellsa3area3primitivea3reda3blooda3cellsa3(erythroblasts;a3RBCs)a3formeda3ina3
thea3isletsa3ofa3thea3yolka3saca3duringa3thea3firsta32a3toa38a3weeksa3ofa3life.a3Gradually,a3thea3li
vera3anda3spleena3replacea3thea3yolka3saca3asa3thea3sitesa3ofa3blooda3cella3development.a3Bya3t
hea3seconda3montha3ofa3gestation,a3thea3livera3becomesa3thea3majora3sitea3ofa3hematopoiesis,a3
anda3granulara3typesa3ofa3leukocytesa3havea3madea3theira3initiala3appearance.a3Thea3livera3and
a3spleena3predominatea3froma3abouta32a3toa35a3monthsa3ofa3fetala3life.a3Ina3thea3fourtha3montha
3ofa3gestation,a3bonea3marrowa3beginsa3toa3producea3blooda3cells.a3Aftera3thea3fiftha3fetala3mon
th,a3bonea3marrowa3beginsa3toa3assumea3itsa3ultimatea3rolea3asa3thea3primarya3sitea3ofa3hemato
poiesis.
DIF: Cognitivea3Level:a3II
8. Thea3primarya3functiona3ofa3maturea3neutrophilsa3is
a. toa3reducea3inflammation.
b. toa3lysea3parasitesa3ina3thea3circulatorya3system.
c. antigena3recognition.
d. phagocytosis.
ANS:a 3 D
Variousa3phagocytica3cellsa3continuallya3circulatea3throughouta3thea3blood,a3lymph,a3gastrointe
stinala3system,a3anda3respiratorya3tract.a3Whena3traumaa3occurs,a3thea3neutrophilsa3arrivea3ata3t
hea3sitea3ofa3injurya3anda3cana3bea3founda3ina3thea3initiala3exudatea3ina3lessa3thana31a3hour.a3Mon
ocytesa3area3slowera3ina3movinga3toa3thea3inflammatorya3site.a3Macrophagesa3residenta3ina3thea3
tissuesa3ofa3thea3bodya3area3alreadya3ina3placea3toa3deala3witha3ana3intrudinga3agent.a3Additional
a3macrophagesa3froma3thea3bonea3marrowa3anda3othera3tissuesa3cana3bea3releaseda3ina3severea3in
fections.
DIF: Cognitivea3Level:a3II
9. Primarya3granules,a3ora3azurophilica3granules,a3ina3neutrophilsa3contain
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Botha3Aa3anda3B.
ANS:a 3 D
Granulesa3ina3thea3phagocytea3cytosola3containa3degradatorya3enzymesa3ofa3threea3types
1. Primary,a3ora3azurophilic,a3granulesa3containinga3enzymesa3(e.g.,a3lyso
zyme,a3myeloperoxidase)
2. Secondary,a3ora3specific,a3granulesa3containinga3substancesa3sucha3asa3lactoferrin.
3. Tertiarya3granulesa3containinga3substancesa3sucha3asa3caspases
DIF: Cognitivea3Level:a3I
10. Thea3origina3ofa3aa3conditiona3whena3eosinophilsa3area3increaseda3ina3thea3circulatinga3blooda3i
sa3associateda3with:
a. fungus
b. parasitica3amoeba
c. allergica3reactions
d. bacteria
ANS:a 3 C
, Ana3increasea3ina3eosinophilsa3isa3associateda3witha3aa3widea3varietya3ofa3conditions,a3buta3esp
eciallya3witha3allergica3reactions,a3druga3reactions,a3certaina3skina3disorders,a3parasitica3infest
ations,a3collagena3vasculara3diseases,a3Hodgkina3disease,a3anda3myeloproliferativea3diseases.
Aa3functionala3propertya3relateda3toa3thea3membranea3receptorsa3ofa3thea3eosinophila3isa3thea3ce
ll’sa3abilitya3toa3interacta3witha3thea3larvala3stagesa3ofa3somea3helmintha3parasitesa3anda3dama
gea3thema3bya3oxidativea3mechanisms.a3Certaina3proteinsa3releaseda3froma3eosinophilica3gran
ulesa3damagea3antibody-
coateda3Schistosomaa3parasitesa3anda3maya3accounta3fora3damagea3toa3endotheliala3cellsa3ina3
hypereosinophilica3syndromes.
DIF: Cognitivea3Level:a3I
11. Aa3basophila3degranulatesa3ina3a(n)
a. inflammatorya3reaction.
b. immediatea3(acute)a3hypersensitivitya3reaction.
c. chronica3tissuea3rejection.
d. Botha3Aa3anda3B.
ANS:a 3 B
Basophilsa3havea3higha3concentrationsa3ofa3heparina3anda3histaminea3ina3theira3granules.a3Ifa3eve
ntsa3area3triggereda3bya3antigensa3froma3pollen,a3food,a3drugs,a3ora3insecta3venom,a3thea3resulta3
isa3ana3immediatea3hypersensitivitya3reaction.
DIF: Cognitivea3Level:a3II
12. Mononucleara3cellsa3area3effectivea3phagocytica3cellsa3against
a. staphylococci.
b. streptococci.
c. Mycobacteriuma3tuberculosis.
d. pneumonia.
ANS:a 3 C
Mononucleara3cellsa3area3particularlya3effectivea3asa3phagocytica3cellsa3becausea3ofa3thea3largea
3amountsa3ofa3lipasea3ina3theira3cytoplasm.a3Lipasea3isa3ablea3toa3attacka3bacteriaa3witha3aa3lip
ida3capsule,a3sucha3asa3Mycobacteriuma3tuberculosis.
DIF: Cognitivea3Level:a3I
13. Macrophages
a. processa3antigens.
b. physicallya3presenta3biologicallya3modifieda3antigensa3toa3lymphocytes.
c. secretea3aa3lymphocyte-activatinga3factora3(IL-
1)a3asa3aa3resulta3ofa3propera3MHCa3recognition.
d. Alla3ofa3thea3above.
ANS:a 3 D
Thea3phagocytica3propertya3ofa3thea3macrophagea3isa3particularlya3importanta3ina3thea3processi
nga3ofa3antigensa3asa3parta3ofa3thea3immunea3response.a3Macrophagesa3area3believeda3toa3process
a3antigensa3anda3physicallya3presenta3thisa3biochemicallya3modifieda3anda3morea3reactivea3form
a3ofa3antigena3toa3lymphocytesa3(particularlya3Ta3helpera3cells)a3asa3ana3initiala3stepa3ina3thea3i
mmunea3response.
DIF: Cognitivea3Level:a3II
