D684 - INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER SCIENCE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
analog data - Correct Answers -data represented in a continuous and variable form
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) - Correct Answers -a
standard encoding system for text characters that uses numeric values to represent
letters, numbers, and symbols
bandwidth - Correct Answers -the maximum rate of data transfer across a network or
communication channel, usually measured in bits per second
binary - Correct Answers -a numerical system that uses only two digits, zero and one, to
represent data in computing
Boolean expression - Correct Answers -a logical statement that can only be true or false
and uses operators like AND, OR, and NOT
character - Correct Answers -a single letter, digit, or symbol used in writing text
character set - Correct Answers -a collection of characters that a computer can
recognize and process, like ASCII or Unicode
compression ratio - Correct Answers -the ratio of the original data size to the
compressed data size, indicating how much the data has been reduced
control structure - Correct Answers -constructs in programming that control the flow of
execution, such as loops and conditional statements
data - Correct Answers -raw facts and figures that can be processed to produce
meaningful information
data compression - Correct Answers -the process of reducing the size of data to save
space or transmission time
,data types - Correct Answers -categories of data that define what kind of value can be
stored, like integers, floats, and strings, and how it can be used
declaration - Correct Answers -a statement in programming that specifies the name and
type of a variable or function without assigning a value
digital data - Correct Answers -data represented using discrete binary values (zeroes
and ones)
floating point - Correct Answers -a way to represent real numbers that can have
fractional parts using a format that includes a base and an exponent
Huffman encoding - Correct Answers -a compression technique that uses variable-
length codes for data representation based on frequency of occurrence
information - Correct Answers -data that have been processed or organized in a
meaningful way to be useful
integer - Correct Answers -a whole number
keyword encoding - Correct Answers -a method of data compression that replaces
frequently occurring patterns with shorter codes
lossless - Correct Answers -a type of data compression where no information is lost and
the original data can be perfectly reconstructed
lossy - Correct Answers -a type of data compression that reduces file size by
permanently eliminating some information, which may affect quality
numeric - Correct Answers -any value that is a number
overflow - Correct Answers -a condition in which a calculation exceeds the maximum
value that can be represented within a given number of bits
pulse-code modulation (PCM) - Correct Answers -a method used to digitally represent
analog signals
radix point - Correct Answers -the decimal point in a number system that indicates the
separation between integer and fractional parts
real - Correct Answers -a data type representing numbers that can have fractional parts,
often called floating-point numbers
reclocking - Correct Answers -the process of refreshing the timing signals in digital data
to ensure accuracy and synchronization
, run-length encoding - Correct Answers -a simple compression technique that replaces
sequences of repeated characters with a single character and a count
scientific notation - Correct Answers -a method of representing very large or very small
numbers by using powers of 10
signed-magnitude representation - Correct Answers -a way of encoding positive and
negative numbers where one bit represents the sign and the remaining bits represent
the magnitude
string - Correct Answers -a sequence of characters treated as a single data element
and used for text manipulation
strong typing - Correct Answers -a feature in programming languages where each
variable is explicitly declared to be of a specific type, reducing errors
ten's complement - Correct Answers -a mathematical method for representing negative
numbers in a decimal system
Unicode - Correct Answers -a universal character set that includes characters from
virtually all writing systems, allowing for consistent encoding and representation of text
globally
alphanumeric values - Correct Answers -characters that include both letters (A-Z) and
numbers (0-9)
assignment operator - Correct Answers -a symbol used to assign a value to a variable,
typically =
assignment statement - Correct Answers -a line of code that assigns a value to a
variable, like x = 5
binary operator - Correct Answers -an operator that takes two operands, such as +, -, *,
and /
camel casing - Correct Answers -a naming convention where the first letter is lowercase
and each subsequent word starts with an uppercase letter, like myVariableName
garbage - Correct Answers -unused or leftover data in memory that the program no
longer needs or references
Hungarian notation - Correct Answers -a naming convention where the name of a
variable starts with a prefix indicating its type, like strName for a string variable
identifier - Correct Answers -a name given to a variable, function, or other item in code
to identify it
COMPUTER SCIENCE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
analog data - Correct Answers -data represented in a continuous and variable form
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) - Correct Answers -a
standard encoding system for text characters that uses numeric values to represent
letters, numbers, and symbols
bandwidth - Correct Answers -the maximum rate of data transfer across a network or
communication channel, usually measured in bits per second
binary - Correct Answers -a numerical system that uses only two digits, zero and one, to
represent data in computing
Boolean expression - Correct Answers -a logical statement that can only be true or false
and uses operators like AND, OR, and NOT
character - Correct Answers -a single letter, digit, or symbol used in writing text
character set - Correct Answers -a collection of characters that a computer can
recognize and process, like ASCII or Unicode
compression ratio - Correct Answers -the ratio of the original data size to the
compressed data size, indicating how much the data has been reduced
control structure - Correct Answers -constructs in programming that control the flow of
execution, such as loops and conditional statements
data - Correct Answers -raw facts and figures that can be processed to produce
meaningful information
data compression - Correct Answers -the process of reducing the size of data to save
space or transmission time
,data types - Correct Answers -categories of data that define what kind of value can be
stored, like integers, floats, and strings, and how it can be used
declaration - Correct Answers -a statement in programming that specifies the name and
type of a variable or function without assigning a value
digital data - Correct Answers -data represented using discrete binary values (zeroes
and ones)
floating point - Correct Answers -a way to represent real numbers that can have
fractional parts using a format that includes a base and an exponent
Huffman encoding - Correct Answers -a compression technique that uses variable-
length codes for data representation based on frequency of occurrence
information - Correct Answers -data that have been processed or organized in a
meaningful way to be useful
integer - Correct Answers -a whole number
keyword encoding - Correct Answers -a method of data compression that replaces
frequently occurring patterns with shorter codes
lossless - Correct Answers -a type of data compression where no information is lost and
the original data can be perfectly reconstructed
lossy - Correct Answers -a type of data compression that reduces file size by
permanently eliminating some information, which may affect quality
numeric - Correct Answers -any value that is a number
overflow - Correct Answers -a condition in which a calculation exceeds the maximum
value that can be represented within a given number of bits
pulse-code modulation (PCM) - Correct Answers -a method used to digitally represent
analog signals
radix point - Correct Answers -the decimal point in a number system that indicates the
separation between integer and fractional parts
real - Correct Answers -a data type representing numbers that can have fractional parts,
often called floating-point numbers
reclocking - Correct Answers -the process of refreshing the timing signals in digital data
to ensure accuracy and synchronization
, run-length encoding - Correct Answers -a simple compression technique that replaces
sequences of repeated characters with a single character and a count
scientific notation - Correct Answers -a method of representing very large or very small
numbers by using powers of 10
signed-magnitude representation - Correct Answers -a way of encoding positive and
negative numbers where one bit represents the sign and the remaining bits represent
the magnitude
string - Correct Answers -a sequence of characters treated as a single data element
and used for text manipulation
strong typing - Correct Answers -a feature in programming languages where each
variable is explicitly declared to be of a specific type, reducing errors
ten's complement - Correct Answers -a mathematical method for representing negative
numbers in a decimal system
Unicode - Correct Answers -a universal character set that includes characters from
virtually all writing systems, allowing for consistent encoding and representation of text
globally
alphanumeric values - Correct Answers -characters that include both letters (A-Z) and
numbers (0-9)
assignment operator - Correct Answers -a symbol used to assign a value to a variable,
typically =
assignment statement - Correct Answers -a line of code that assigns a value to a
variable, like x = 5
binary operator - Correct Answers -an operator that takes two operands, such as +, -, *,
and /
camel casing - Correct Answers -a naming convention where the first letter is lowercase
and each subsequent word starts with an uppercase letter, like myVariableName
garbage - Correct Answers -unused or leftover data in memory that the program no
longer needs or references
Hungarian notation - Correct Answers -a naming convention where the name of a
variable starts with a prefix indicating its type, like strName for a string variable
identifier - Correct Answers -a name given to a variable, function, or other item in code
to identify it
