.
,.
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CHAPTER 1: The Science of the Mind
g g g g g g
LEARNINGgOBJECTIVES
1.1. Describegthegscopegandggoalsgofgcognitivegpsychology.
1.2. UnderstandgthegcasegofgH.M.,gandgthegmanygwaysgthatgmemoryginfluencesgourglives.
1.3. Describegtheglimitationsgofgintrospectiongasgagmethodgforgscientificginquiry.
1.4. Comparegandgcontrastgclassicalg(Watsonian)gbehaviorismgandgcognitivegpsychology.
1.5. Kant’sg“transcendentalgmethod”gisgsometimesgcalledg “inferencegtogbestgexplanation.”gExplaingthisgmethodgandghowgitworks.
1.6. Describegthegrole,gingthegemergencegofgcognitivegpsychology,gthatgwasgplayedgbygcomputergsciencegandgthegdevelop-
mentgofg“computergintelligence.”
MULTIPLEgCHOICE
1. WhichgofgthegfollowinggtopicsgisgNOTgcommonlygstudiedg withingcognitivegpsychology?
a. angergmanagement c. memory
b. decisiongmaking d. Attention
ANS:g A DIF: Easy REF:
ThegScopegofgCognitivegPsychologygOBJ:1.1 MSC:gUnderstanding
2. CognitivegprocessesgaregNOTgnecessarygforg whichgdailygactivity?
a. readinggagnewspaper c. talkinggongthegphone
b. studyinggforgagtest d. breathing
ANS:g D DIF: Easy REF: ThegScopegofgCognitivegPsychology
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssagwantsgtogbegagpsychologistgbutgisgunsuregwhichgtopicgwithingpsychologygmostginterestsgher.gWhichgofgthe
followinggtopicsgwouldgbegLEASTglikelygtogleadghergintogcognitivegpsychology?
g
a. amnesia c. Lymegdisease
b. languagegacquisition d. problem-solvingg strategies
, .
ANS:g C DIF: Easy REF:
ThegScopegofgCognitivegPsychologygOBJ:1.1 MSC:gApplying
4. Considergthegsequenceg“BetsygwantedgtogbringgJacobgagpresent.gShegshookghergpiggygbank.”gMostgpeople,gafterghe
aringgthisgsequence,gbelievegBetsygwasgcheckingghergpiggygbankgtogseegifgsheghadgmoneygtogspendgongtheggift.gThisginferencegaboutgB
etsy’sggoalsgdependsgongthegfactgthat
a. ourgpreviousgknowledgegfillsgingbackgroundginformationgwhenevergwe’regunderstandinggangevent
gorgconversation.
b. readersgareglikelygtogknowgsomeonegnamedgJacob.
c. English,gunlikegotherglanguages,grequiresgspeakersgtogmentiongallgofgthegpeopleginvolvedgingan
gevent.
d. thegindividualgsentencesgaregshort.
ANS:g A DIF: Easy REF:
ThegBroadgRolegforgMemorygOBJ: 1.1 MSC:gUnderstanding
5. WhichgofgthegfollowinggstatementsgisgLEASTglikelygtogapplygtogpatientgH.M.?
a. “Hegcannotgremembergwhatghegdidgearliergtoday,gincludinggeventsgthatgtookgplacegjustganghourgago.”
b. “Hegreadgthisgstoryglastgmonth,gbutghegwasgstillgsurprisedgbyghowgthegstorygturnedgout.”
c. “Evengthoughgheghasgencounteredgthegnursegmanygtimes,ghegisgstillgunablegtogrecognizegher.”
d. “Hegrememberedgthatgitgwasgonlygagweekgagogthatghe’dgheardgthegsadgnewsgthatghisguncleghadgdied.”
ANS:g D DIF: Moderate REF:
AmnesiagandgMemorygLossgOBJ: 1.2 MSC:gApplying
6. ResearchgwithgH.M.gprovidesgangillustrationgforgwhichgmajorgthemegofgthegchapter?
a. Introspectiongisgangimportantgresearchgtoolgforgcognitivegpsychologists.
b. Cognitivegpsychologygcanghelpgusgunderstandgagwidegrangegofgactivitiesgthatgdependgongsomeone’s
gabilitygtogremember.
c. Memorygisgnotgverygimportant.
d. Thegdisruptiongcausedgbygbraingdamagegdependsgonghowgwidespreadgthegdamagegis,gandgnotgongthe
gspecificgsitesgthatgaregdamaged.
ANS:g g B DIF: Moderate REF: ThegScopegofgCognitivegPsychology
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patientsgsufferinggfromgclinicalgamnesiagaregcharacterizedgby
a. memorygdysfunction. c. inarticulategspeech.
b. anginabilitygtogrecognizegpatterns. d. impairedglanguagegcomprehension.
ANS:g A DIF: Easy REF:
AmnesiagandgMemorygLossgOBJ: 1.2 MSC:gRemembering
8. Thegtermg“introspection”grefersgtogthe
a. processgbygwhichgonegindividualgseeksgtoginfergthegthoughtsgofganothergindividual.
b. proceduregofgexamininggthoughtgprocessinggbygmonitoringgthegbrain’sgelectricalg activity.
,.
,.
CHAPTER 1: The Science of the Mind
g g g g g g
LEARNINGgOBJECTIVES
1.1. Describegthegscopegandggoalsgofgcognitivegpsychology.
1.2. UnderstandgthegcasegofgH.M.,gandgthegmanygwaysgthatgmemoryginfluencesgourglives.
1.3. Describegtheglimitationsgofgintrospectiongasgagmethodgforgscientificginquiry.
1.4. Comparegandgcontrastgclassicalg(Watsonian)gbehaviorismgandgcognitivegpsychology.
1.5. Kant’sg“transcendentalgmethod”gisgsometimesgcalledg “inferencegtogbestgexplanation.”gExplaingthisgmethodgandghowgitworks.
1.6. Describegthegrole,gingthegemergencegofgcognitivegpsychology,gthatgwasgplayedgbygcomputergsciencegandgthegdevelop-
mentgofg“computergintelligence.”
MULTIPLEgCHOICE
1. WhichgofgthegfollowinggtopicsgisgNOTgcommonlygstudiedg withingcognitivegpsychology?
a. angergmanagement c. memory
b. decisiongmaking d. Attention
ANS:g A DIF: Easy REF:
ThegScopegofgCognitivegPsychologygOBJ:1.1 MSC:gUnderstanding
2. CognitivegprocessesgaregNOTgnecessarygforg whichgdailygactivity?
a. readinggagnewspaper c. talkinggongthegphone
b. studyinggforgagtest d. breathing
ANS:g D DIF: Easy REF: ThegScopegofgCognitivegPsychology
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssagwantsgtogbegagpsychologistgbutgisgunsuregwhichgtopicgwithingpsychologygmostginterestsgher.gWhichgofgthe
followinggtopicsgwouldgbegLEASTglikelygtogleadghergintogcognitivegpsychology?
g
a. amnesia c. Lymegdisease
b. languagegacquisition d. problem-solvingg strategies
, .
ANS:g C DIF: Easy REF:
ThegScopegofgCognitivegPsychologygOBJ:1.1 MSC:gApplying
4. Considergthegsequenceg“BetsygwantedgtogbringgJacobgagpresent.gShegshookghergpiggygbank.”gMostgpeople,gafterghe
aringgthisgsequence,gbelievegBetsygwasgcheckingghergpiggygbankgtogseegifgsheghadgmoneygtogspendgongtheggift.gThisginferencegaboutgB
etsy’sggoalsgdependsgongthegfactgthat
a. ourgpreviousgknowledgegfillsgingbackgroundginformationgwhenevergwe’regunderstandinggangevent
gorgconversation.
b. readersgareglikelygtogknowgsomeonegnamedgJacob.
c. English,gunlikegotherglanguages,grequiresgspeakersgtogmentiongallgofgthegpeopleginvolvedgingan
gevent.
d. thegindividualgsentencesgaregshort.
ANS:g A DIF: Easy REF:
ThegBroadgRolegforgMemorygOBJ: 1.1 MSC:gUnderstanding
5. WhichgofgthegfollowinggstatementsgisgLEASTglikelygtogapplygtogpatientgH.M.?
a. “Hegcannotgremembergwhatghegdidgearliergtoday,gincludinggeventsgthatgtookgplacegjustganghourgago.”
b. “Hegreadgthisgstoryglastgmonth,gbutghegwasgstillgsurprisedgbyghowgthegstorygturnedgout.”
c. “Evengthoughgheghasgencounteredgthegnursegmanygtimes,ghegisgstillgunablegtogrecognizegher.”
d. “Hegrememberedgthatgitgwasgonlygagweekgagogthatghe’dgheardgthegsadgnewsgthatghisguncleghadgdied.”
ANS:g D DIF: Moderate REF:
AmnesiagandgMemorygLossgOBJ: 1.2 MSC:gApplying
6. ResearchgwithgH.M.gprovidesgangillustrationgforgwhichgmajorgthemegofgthegchapter?
a. Introspectiongisgangimportantgresearchgtoolgforgcognitivegpsychologists.
b. Cognitivegpsychologygcanghelpgusgunderstandgagwidegrangegofgactivitiesgthatgdependgongsomeone’s
gabilitygtogremember.
c. Memorygisgnotgverygimportant.
d. Thegdisruptiongcausedgbygbraingdamagegdependsgonghowgwidespreadgthegdamagegis,gandgnotgongthe
gspecificgsitesgthatgaregdamaged.
ANS:g g B DIF: Moderate REF: ThegScopegofgCognitivegPsychology
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patientsgsufferinggfromgclinicalgamnesiagaregcharacterizedgby
a. memorygdysfunction. c. inarticulategspeech.
b. anginabilitygtogrecognizegpatterns. d. impairedglanguagegcomprehension.
ANS:g A DIF: Easy REF:
AmnesiagandgMemorygLossgOBJ: 1.2 MSC:gRemembering
8. Thegtermg“introspection”grefersgtogthe
a. processgbygwhichgonegindividualgseeksgtoginfergthegthoughtsgofganothergindividual.
b. proceduregofgexamininggthoughtgprocessinggbygmonitoringgthegbrain’sgelectricalg activity.
