AAPD Guidelines & Relevant Pediatric Dentistry Readings (Latest 2025/2026 Update) Questions with Verified Answers | 100% Correct| Graded A.

AAPD Guidelines & Relevant Pediatric
Dentistry Readings (Latest 2025/2026
Update) Questions with Verified
Answers | 100% Correct| Graded A.

Question:
What is the effect of Nitrous Oxide on the cough reflex??
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Answer:
Minimal impairment to any reflex including the cough reflex (cough reflex
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is preserved) (AAPD 204)
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Question:
The most common adverse effects of nitrous oxide are nausea and
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vomiting which occur in what percentage of patients??
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Answer:

0.5 percent; a higher incidence is noted with longer administration of
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nitrous oxide/oxygen, fluctuation sin nitrous oxide levels, and increased
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concentrations of nitrous oxide (AAPD 206) i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-




Question:

,According to the study by Leelataweewud in 2000, what were the relevant
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effects of incorporating N2O/O2 to a conscious sedation of 1.5 mg/kg
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meperidine (demerol) (narcotic sedative), 50 mg/kg chloral hydrate and 25
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mg hydroxyzine pamoate vs. that same triple cocktail with just O2??
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Answer:

1) No differences in pulse rate, oxyhemoglobin saturation (did find small
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increase in respiratory rate in N2O/O2 group)
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2) N2O/O2 did not increase risk of desaturation but did increase
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frequency of desaturation events i,- i,- i,-




3) N2O/O2 deepened level of sedation (so can deepen when added to a
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narcotic sedation regimen) i,- i,-




4) if you are going to include N2O/O2 - must monitor with heightened
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vigilance




Question:
What is the nonselective, competitive, alpha-adrenergic antagonist used
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to reverse the effects of adrenergic agonists like epinephrine??
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Answer:
phentolamine mesylate i,-




Question:

What is the proposed mechanism of action for phentolamine mesylate
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with respect to local anesthesia reversal?
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,Answer:
phentolamine mesylate is a vasodilator and the increased local blood flow
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accelerates the clearance of local anesthetic from the submucosal tissue
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to the bloodstream
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Question:

T/F Injection of phentolamine mesylate at the same site as the local
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anesthetic was injected can cut the time to return of normal lip sensation
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and normal tongue sensation in half?
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Answer:
true: "We observed a 55.6 percent reduction in median time to return of
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normal lip sensation and a 60 percent reduction in median time to return
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of normal tongue sensation (Tavares JADA 2008)
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Question:
Which are better at suppressing awareness? A) Potent inhaled vapors,
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midazolam (versed), propofol i,- i,-




B) nitrous oxide and opioids?
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Answer:

A) Potent inhaled vapors, midazolam (versed), propofol
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Question:

, In the study by Watts et al. what was the effect of giving local anesthesia
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during a general anesthesia case on vital signs vs. no local anesthesia?
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Answer:

"Patients who were not given intraoperative local anesthesia were more
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likely to experience vital sign fluctuation requiring anesthesiologist
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intervention" (Watts, Pediatric dentistry, 2009) i,- i,- i,- i,-




Question:
Diminution or elimination of pain and anxiety in a conscious patient. The
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patient responds normally to verbal commands. All vital signs are stable,
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there is no significant risk of losing protective reflexes, and the patient is
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able to return to preprocedure mobility.?
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Answer:
analgesia/ anxiolysis (AAPD 204) i,- i,- i,-




Question:
What affect does nitrous oxide have on the CNS??
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Answer:

causes depression and euphoria (AAPD 204)
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Question:
Nitrous oxide has two mechanisms of action. Describe MOA that creates
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the analgesic effect and the MOA that creates the anxiolytic effect.?
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