10/1/25, 6:54 AM ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY- UTMB 5355 EXAM #1 fully solved & updated 2025-2026(latest version verified for accuracy) | …
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY- UTMB 5355
EXAM #1 fully solved & updated 2025-2026(latest
version verified for accuracy) | 2024\2025 Latest!!
Save
Terms in this set (327)
Transcription synthesis of RNA from DNA
Transcription results in mRNA
RNA polymerase makes mRNA
mRNA makes proteins
RNA polymerase binds to DNA
A regulatory protein that binds to DNA and affects
Transcription factors (TFs) transcription of specific genes. Can wither activate or
repress expression of genes
Termination of RNA polymerase reaches a terminator sequence
transcription (Stop codon) and detaches from the template
Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is
Translation
produced. Protein assembly
Translation takes place in cytoplasm
the
A specific sequence of three bases on a strand of
Codon DNA or RNA that provides genetic code information
for a amino acid
Amino acids are building blocks of proteins
https://quizlet.com/1085536111/advanced-pathophysiology-utmb-5355-exam-1-fully-solved-updated-2025-2026latest-version-verified-for-accuracy-20… 1/23
,10/1/25, 6:54 AM ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY- UTMB 5355 EXAM #1 fully solved & updated 2025-2026(latest version verified for accuracy) | …
An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter
between nucleic acid and protein language by
tRNA
picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the
appropriate codons in the mRNA
Codons allow for DNA and RNA to communicate
Gene Regulation the process of turning genes on and off
Gene Regulation occurs during transcription
Transcription factors (TFs) amount of protein product made
determine
Nucleotide DNA subunit; 1 DNA, 1 phosphate, 1 nitrogenous base
permanent change in a DNA /RNA sequence that
Mutation
affects genetic information
germline mutation happens in germ cells, inheritable, in all cells
A mutation that occurs in the body cells from
somatic mutation spontaneous development. Cannot be inherited.
Acquired
• Incorrect copying of the DNA sequence/
Environmental
causes of mutations
•Exposure
•Spontaneous
silent mutation alters a base but does not change the amino acid
DNA is master blueprint for human being
Gene the basic unit of inheritance
DNA makes proteins
threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that
Chromosomes
contain the genes
23 pairs of chromosomes
Allele variant of a gene
https://quizlet.com/1085536111/advanced-pathophysiology-utmb-5355-exam-1-fully-solved-updated-2025-2026latest-version-verified-for-accuracy-20… 2/23
, 10/1/25, 6:54 AM ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY- UTMB 5355 EXAM #1 fully solved & updated 2025-2026(latest version verified for accuracy) | …
A cell holds how many 2, one from mom and one from dad
alleles of each gene?
An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
Phenotype
Affected by environment
Genotype genetic makeup of an organism
locus Location of a gene on a chromosome
Homozygous An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
Heterozygous An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
trait of an organism that can be masked by the
Recessive
dominant form of a trait
Dominant An allele that is always expressed
A person whose genotype includes a gene with
Carrier
disease that is not expressed in the phenotype.
the degree to which a particular genotype is
Expresstivity
expressed in the phenotype
Spontaneous mutations mutation that occurs within the body cells and NOT
are the germline cells, caused by errors in DNA
chemical or physical agents in the environment that
Mutagen
increases frequency of mutations
Radiation is an example of a mutagen
what:
signs and symptoms of genetic condition tend to
Anticipation become more severe and appear at an earlier age as
the disorder is passed from generation to generation
Huntington's disease is an A disease affected by anticipation
example of
when a person inherits a dominant mutant gene but
reduced penetrance
fails to express it
https://quizlet.com/1085536111/advanced-pathophysiology-utmb-5355-exam-1-fully-solved-updated-2025-2026latest-version-verified-for-accuracy-20… 3/23
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY- UTMB 5355
EXAM #1 fully solved & updated 2025-2026(latest
version verified for accuracy) | 2024\2025 Latest!!
Save
Terms in this set (327)
Transcription synthesis of RNA from DNA
Transcription results in mRNA
RNA polymerase makes mRNA
mRNA makes proteins
RNA polymerase binds to DNA
A regulatory protein that binds to DNA and affects
Transcription factors (TFs) transcription of specific genes. Can wither activate or
repress expression of genes
Termination of RNA polymerase reaches a terminator sequence
transcription (Stop codon) and detaches from the template
Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is
Translation
produced. Protein assembly
Translation takes place in cytoplasm
the
A specific sequence of three bases on a strand of
Codon DNA or RNA that provides genetic code information
for a amino acid
Amino acids are building blocks of proteins
https://quizlet.com/1085536111/advanced-pathophysiology-utmb-5355-exam-1-fully-solved-updated-2025-2026latest-version-verified-for-accuracy-20… 1/23
,10/1/25, 6:54 AM ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY- UTMB 5355 EXAM #1 fully solved & updated 2025-2026(latest version verified for accuracy) | …
An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter
between nucleic acid and protein language by
tRNA
picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the
appropriate codons in the mRNA
Codons allow for DNA and RNA to communicate
Gene Regulation the process of turning genes on and off
Gene Regulation occurs during transcription
Transcription factors (TFs) amount of protein product made
determine
Nucleotide DNA subunit; 1 DNA, 1 phosphate, 1 nitrogenous base
permanent change in a DNA /RNA sequence that
Mutation
affects genetic information
germline mutation happens in germ cells, inheritable, in all cells
A mutation that occurs in the body cells from
somatic mutation spontaneous development. Cannot be inherited.
Acquired
• Incorrect copying of the DNA sequence/
Environmental
causes of mutations
•Exposure
•Spontaneous
silent mutation alters a base but does not change the amino acid
DNA is master blueprint for human being
Gene the basic unit of inheritance
DNA makes proteins
threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that
Chromosomes
contain the genes
23 pairs of chromosomes
Allele variant of a gene
https://quizlet.com/1085536111/advanced-pathophysiology-utmb-5355-exam-1-fully-solved-updated-2025-2026latest-version-verified-for-accuracy-20… 2/23
, 10/1/25, 6:54 AM ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY- UTMB 5355 EXAM #1 fully solved & updated 2025-2026(latest version verified for accuracy) | …
A cell holds how many 2, one from mom and one from dad
alleles of each gene?
An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
Phenotype
Affected by environment
Genotype genetic makeup of an organism
locus Location of a gene on a chromosome
Homozygous An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
Heterozygous An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
trait of an organism that can be masked by the
Recessive
dominant form of a trait
Dominant An allele that is always expressed
A person whose genotype includes a gene with
Carrier
disease that is not expressed in the phenotype.
the degree to which a particular genotype is
Expresstivity
expressed in the phenotype
Spontaneous mutations mutation that occurs within the body cells and NOT
are the germline cells, caused by errors in DNA
chemical or physical agents in the environment that
Mutagen
increases frequency of mutations
Radiation is an example of a mutagen
what:
signs and symptoms of genetic condition tend to
Anticipation become more severe and appear at an earlier age as
the disorder is passed from generation to generation
Huntington's disease is an A disease affected by anticipation
example of
when a person inherits a dominant mutant gene but
reduced penetrance
fails to express it
https://quizlet.com/1085536111/advanced-pathophysiology-utmb-5355-exam-1-fully-solved-updated-2025-2026latest-version-verified-for-accuracy-20… 3/23
