PAS 407 Heart UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
lungs
pulmonary circuit blood absorbs O2, eliminates CO2
driven by right heart
all other tissues
oxygen/nutrient delivery to tissue, carbon dioxide/waste
systemic circuit
pick up
driven by left heart
mediastinum
where is the heart located? - portion of thoracic cavity
- located anterior to vertebral column, posterior to ster-
num, medial to pleural cavities (containing lungs)
contains great vessels (aorta, pulmonary vessels, superior
superior mediastinum
vena cava)
regions along chest where valve function can be assessed
auscultation points
due to reverberations in vessels after valves close
aortic valve auscultation site right 2nd intercostal space at upper right sternal border
pulmonary valve auscultation site left 2nd intercostal space at upper left sternal border
tricuspid valve auscultation site left 4th, 5th intercostal spaces at lower left sternal border
mitral valve auscultation site left 5th intercostal spaces at left midclavicular line
aortic + pulmonary valve
Erb's point
left 3rd intercostal space at left sternal border
how many layers of connective tissue surround heart?
, 3
- fibrous pericardium (1 layer)
- serous pericardium (2 layer)
outermost covering
made of dense irregular connective tissue
fibrous pericardium
separates mediastinum from pleural cavities
prevents overfilling of heart
inner covering
made of serous connective tissue (thin membrane)
folds in on itself, creating 2 layers (like fist in balloon)
- parietal pericardium: in contact w fibrous pericardium
serous pericardium
- visceral pericardium: in contact w heart (aka epicardi-
um)
space btw serous layers filled with small volume of serous
fluid
- reduces friction during contraction
what are the 3 layers/tissues of heart wall? epicardium, myocardium and endocardium
aka visceral pericardium
epicardium
smooth surface (limits friction)
muscular layer
myocardium made up of interconnected cardiac muscle fibers
- ensures functional synctium: fibers contract in coordinat-
ed pattern to ensure effective blood pump
2/8
lungs
pulmonary circuit blood absorbs O2, eliminates CO2
driven by right heart
all other tissues
oxygen/nutrient delivery to tissue, carbon dioxide/waste
systemic circuit
pick up
driven by left heart
mediastinum
where is the heart located? - portion of thoracic cavity
- located anterior to vertebral column, posterior to ster-
num, medial to pleural cavities (containing lungs)
contains great vessels (aorta, pulmonary vessels, superior
superior mediastinum
vena cava)
regions along chest where valve function can be assessed
auscultation points
due to reverberations in vessels after valves close
aortic valve auscultation site right 2nd intercostal space at upper right sternal border
pulmonary valve auscultation site left 2nd intercostal space at upper left sternal border
tricuspid valve auscultation site left 4th, 5th intercostal spaces at lower left sternal border
mitral valve auscultation site left 5th intercostal spaces at left midclavicular line
aortic + pulmonary valve
Erb's point
left 3rd intercostal space at left sternal border
how many layers of connective tissue surround heart?
, 3
- fibrous pericardium (1 layer)
- serous pericardium (2 layer)
outermost covering
made of dense irregular connective tissue
fibrous pericardium
separates mediastinum from pleural cavities
prevents overfilling of heart
inner covering
made of serous connective tissue (thin membrane)
folds in on itself, creating 2 layers (like fist in balloon)
- parietal pericardium: in contact w fibrous pericardium
serous pericardium
- visceral pericardium: in contact w heart (aka epicardi-
um)
space btw serous layers filled with small volume of serous
fluid
- reduces friction during contraction
what are the 3 layers/tissues of heart wall? epicardium, myocardium and endocardium
aka visceral pericardium
epicardium
smooth surface (limits friction)
muscular layer
myocardium made up of interconnected cardiac muscle fibers
- ensures functional synctium: fibers contract in coordinat-
ed pattern to ensure effective blood pump
2/8
