NR 328 Pediatrics. Nursing Care of
Children Exam 1
Newborn - answer0-1 years old
Toddler - answer1-3 years old
Preschooler - answer3-5 years old
School-age - answer6-12 years old
Adolescents - answer12+ years old
With growth charts we want to see what? - answer Progression
If a child "falls off" their line, what do we worry about? - answer Failure to thrive
If deemed failure to thrive what do we do? - answerFigure out what is causing it and
adjust their diet
Infant stage of Erickson - answerTrust vs. Mistrust
Trust Vs. Mistrust - answerInfant: in order to move on they need their needs met (food,
cuddles, changing their diapers)
Toddler stage of Erickson - answerAutonomy vs. Shame
Autonomy vs. Shame - answerToddler: "I do", give them choices. Do not go against
their choice because then they will feel shamed.
Pre-schooler Erickson stage - answerInitiative vs. guilt
Initiative vs. Guilt - answerPre-schooler: they are picking for themselves (outfits, what to
watch, ect) do not make fun of their choices = guilt
School age Erickson Stage - answerIndustry vs. Inferiority
Industry vs. Inferiority - answerSchool age: getting their work ethic. They liker school
and learning. They are figuring out what they're good at. If they are not as good as a
classmate at something they will feel inferior. Give them challenges and praises
,Adolescent Erickson stage - answerIdentity vs. role confusion
Identity vs. role confusion - answerAdolescent: who they are. They rely heavily on
friends. Allow them to go to the teen lounge and facetime their friends.
You are assessing a 3-month-old and they are screaming, crying, and kicking. You
auscultate a heart rate of 185, would you be concerned? - answerNo, they are
screaming and crying
Now you come back and notice the child is sleeping quietly and notice the cardiac
monitor is alarming the heart rate is 220, would you be concerned? - answerYes, they
are sound asleep. Tachycardia while calm indicates a problem such as fever,
dehydration, breathing problems, ect.
Normal Vital Signs of Infant - answerHR: 90-160 bpm
RR: 25-30
BP: 74-100/50-70
Temp: 99.9 degrees Fahrenheit
A fever in pediatrics starts at what temperature? - answer100.4 degrees Fahrenheit
Children's temperature typically runs .... - answerHigh because their metabolism is
faster
Normal vital signs of Toddlers - answerHR: 80-140 bpm
RR: 25-30
BP: 80-112/50-80
Temp: 99.0 degrees Fahrenheit
Normal vital signs of Preschooler - answerHR: 70-100 bpm
RR: 20-25
BP: 80-112/50-78
Temp: 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit
Normal Vital Signs of School Age - answerHR: 60-110 bpm
RR: 20-25
BP: 84-120/54-80
Temp: 98.1 degrees Fahrenheit
Normal Vital Signs of Adolescent - answerHR: 50-100 bpm
RR: 16-20
BP: 94-140/62-88
Temp: 97.9 degrees Fahrenheit
Weight should double by what age? - answer6 months
,What age does weight triple? - answer12 months
How many fontanels do babies have? - answer2 (anterior and posterior)
What is a fontanel? - answerSoft spots on baby's head from the cranium not being fully
fused to allow the head and brain to grow
Anterior fontanel - answerDiamond shaped in the front. Normal findings are soft and flat.
Should be closed by 12-18 months
Posterior fontanel - answerCloses within 2-3 months
If a soft spot is sunken in, what does this mean? - answerDehydrated
If a soft spot is bulging, what does this mean? - answerIncreased ICP
At what age can babies develop the ability to make sounds and smiles appropriately -
answer2 months. They will smile at you or coo
At what age does social anxiety develop? - answer4-6 months. They may cry when you
give them to an unfamiliar person to be held by
Fencing reflex or tonic reflex - answerGoes away at 3-4 months
Palmar grasp - answerGoes away by 4 months
Babinski's reflex - answerDisappears at 12 months, the longest lasting reflex
Infant reflexes - answerAs they grow, they start to disappear, but normal for an infant to
have them
Rooting reflex - answerGoes away by 4 months
Plantar grasp - answerGoes away by 8 months
Moro's reflex - answerGoes away after 2 months
Gross motor skills - answerDevelop faster, big things such as supporting herself
standing up, crawling, reaching, sitting down
Fine motor skills - answerDevelop slower, hand functions such as writing, ect
1 month old motor skills - answerGross motor skill: demonstrates head lag
Fine: has a strong grasp reflex
2 month old motor skill - answerGross: lifts head off mattress when prone
, Fine: holds hands in an open position, grasp reflex fading
3 month old motor skill - answerGross: Raises head and shoulders off mattress when
prone only slight head lag
Fine: no longer has a grasp reflex, keeps hands loosely open
4 month old motor skills - answerGross: rills from back to side
Fine: grasps objects with both hands
5 month old motor skills - answerGross: rolls from back to front
Fine: uses palmar grasp dominantly
6 month old motor skills - answerGross: rolls from back to front
Fine: holds bottle
7 month old motor skills - answerGross: bears full weight on feet, sits leaning forward on
both hands
Fine: moves objects from hand to hand
8 month old motor skills - answerGross: sits unsupported
Fine: begins using pincer grasp
9 month old motor skills - answerGross: pulls to a standing position, creeps on hands
and knees instead of crawling
Fine: has a crude pincer grasp, dominant hand preference evident
10 month old motor skills - answerGross: changes from prone to a sitting position
Fine: grasps a rattle by its handle
11 month old motor skills - answerGross: cruises or walks while holding onto something,
walks with one handheld
Fine: places objects into a container, near pincer grasp
12 month old motor skills - answerGross: sits down from a standing position without
assistance
Fine: Tries to build a two-block tower without success. Can turn pages in a book
How old does the child have to be before consuming cows milk? - answer1 year
Car seat Health Promotions - answer- 45 degree angle
- placed rear facing & secured with latch system
- shoulder harness in the slots at or below the level of shoulders
- harness should be snug and at the level of the armpits
- first MD appointment made within 72 hours of discharge
Children Exam 1
Newborn - answer0-1 years old
Toddler - answer1-3 years old
Preschooler - answer3-5 years old
School-age - answer6-12 years old
Adolescents - answer12+ years old
With growth charts we want to see what? - answer Progression
If a child "falls off" their line, what do we worry about? - answer Failure to thrive
If deemed failure to thrive what do we do? - answerFigure out what is causing it and
adjust their diet
Infant stage of Erickson - answerTrust vs. Mistrust
Trust Vs. Mistrust - answerInfant: in order to move on they need their needs met (food,
cuddles, changing their diapers)
Toddler stage of Erickson - answerAutonomy vs. Shame
Autonomy vs. Shame - answerToddler: "I do", give them choices. Do not go against
their choice because then they will feel shamed.
Pre-schooler Erickson stage - answerInitiative vs. guilt
Initiative vs. Guilt - answerPre-schooler: they are picking for themselves (outfits, what to
watch, ect) do not make fun of their choices = guilt
School age Erickson Stage - answerIndustry vs. Inferiority
Industry vs. Inferiority - answerSchool age: getting their work ethic. They liker school
and learning. They are figuring out what they're good at. If they are not as good as a
classmate at something they will feel inferior. Give them challenges and praises
,Adolescent Erickson stage - answerIdentity vs. role confusion
Identity vs. role confusion - answerAdolescent: who they are. They rely heavily on
friends. Allow them to go to the teen lounge and facetime their friends.
You are assessing a 3-month-old and they are screaming, crying, and kicking. You
auscultate a heart rate of 185, would you be concerned? - answerNo, they are
screaming and crying
Now you come back and notice the child is sleeping quietly and notice the cardiac
monitor is alarming the heart rate is 220, would you be concerned? - answerYes, they
are sound asleep. Tachycardia while calm indicates a problem such as fever,
dehydration, breathing problems, ect.
Normal Vital Signs of Infant - answerHR: 90-160 bpm
RR: 25-30
BP: 74-100/50-70
Temp: 99.9 degrees Fahrenheit
A fever in pediatrics starts at what temperature? - answer100.4 degrees Fahrenheit
Children's temperature typically runs .... - answerHigh because their metabolism is
faster
Normal vital signs of Toddlers - answerHR: 80-140 bpm
RR: 25-30
BP: 80-112/50-80
Temp: 99.0 degrees Fahrenheit
Normal vital signs of Preschooler - answerHR: 70-100 bpm
RR: 20-25
BP: 80-112/50-78
Temp: 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit
Normal Vital Signs of School Age - answerHR: 60-110 bpm
RR: 20-25
BP: 84-120/54-80
Temp: 98.1 degrees Fahrenheit
Normal Vital Signs of Adolescent - answerHR: 50-100 bpm
RR: 16-20
BP: 94-140/62-88
Temp: 97.9 degrees Fahrenheit
Weight should double by what age? - answer6 months
,What age does weight triple? - answer12 months
How many fontanels do babies have? - answer2 (anterior and posterior)
What is a fontanel? - answerSoft spots on baby's head from the cranium not being fully
fused to allow the head and brain to grow
Anterior fontanel - answerDiamond shaped in the front. Normal findings are soft and flat.
Should be closed by 12-18 months
Posterior fontanel - answerCloses within 2-3 months
If a soft spot is sunken in, what does this mean? - answerDehydrated
If a soft spot is bulging, what does this mean? - answerIncreased ICP
At what age can babies develop the ability to make sounds and smiles appropriately -
answer2 months. They will smile at you or coo
At what age does social anxiety develop? - answer4-6 months. They may cry when you
give them to an unfamiliar person to be held by
Fencing reflex or tonic reflex - answerGoes away at 3-4 months
Palmar grasp - answerGoes away by 4 months
Babinski's reflex - answerDisappears at 12 months, the longest lasting reflex
Infant reflexes - answerAs they grow, they start to disappear, but normal for an infant to
have them
Rooting reflex - answerGoes away by 4 months
Plantar grasp - answerGoes away by 8 months
Moro's reflex - answerGoes away after 2 months
Gross motor skills - answerDevelop faster, big things such as supporting herself
standing up, crawling, reaching, sitting down
Fine motor skills - answerDevelop slower, hand functions such as writing, ect
1 month old motor skills - answerGross motor skill: demonstrates head lag
Fine: has a strong grasp reflex
2 month old motor skill - answerGross: lifts head off mattress when prone
, Fine: holds hands in an open position, grasp reflex fading
3 month old motor skill - answerGross: Raises head and shoulders off mattress when
prone only slight head lag
Fine: no longer has a grasp reflex, keeps hands loosely open
4 month old motor skills - answerGross: rills from back to side
Fine: grasps objects with both hands
5 month old motor skills - answerGross: rolls from back to front
Fine: uses palmar grasp dominantly
6 month old motor skills - answerGross: rolls from back to front
Fine: holds bottle
7 month old motor skills - answerGross: bears full weight on feet, sits leaning forward on
both hands
Fine: moves objects from hand to hand
8 month old motor skills - answerGross: sits unsupported
Fine: begins using pincer grasp
9 month old motor skills - answerGross: pulls to a standing position, creeps on hands
and knees instead of crawling
Fine: has a crude pincer grasp, dominant hand preference evident
10 month old motor skills - answerGross: changes from prone to a sitting position
Fine: grasps a rattle by its handle
11 month old motor skills - answerGross: cruises or walks while holding onto something,
walks with one handheld
Fine: places objects into a container, near pincer grasp
12 month old motor skills - answerGross: sits down from a standing position without
assistance
Fine: Tries to build a two-block tower without success. Can turn pages in a book
How old does the child have to be before consuming cows milk? - answer1 year
Car seat Health Promotions - answer- 45 degree angle
- placed rear facing & secured with latch system
- shoulder harness in the slots at or below the level of shoulders
- harness should be snug and at the level of the armpits
- first MD appointment made within 72 hours of discharge
